AND 


Citizens'  Manual 

Illinois 


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Cfta.  "3 

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My  08-1 5M 

KWBTHEW 

CENTRAL  CIRCULATION  AND  BOOKSTACKS 

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VOTERS'  HANDBOOK 


AND 


CITIZENS'  MANUAL 


ILLINOIS 


WITH    SUMMARY    OF    NATURALIZATION    LAWS    OF 
UNITED  STATES  AND  REGULATIONS    THERE- 
ON  IN   FORCE  JANUARY   1,  1908 


BY 

HENRY  M.   BACON 


OF  THE  CHICAGO  BAH 


PUBLISHED  BY 

L.  W.  WALTER  COMPANY 
Chicago,  Illinois 

1908 


A-  T 


Copyright.   1908,   by 
HENRY  M.  BACON 


PREFACE 

The  aim  of  this  book  is  to  bring  to  the  individual  citizen  a  clear- 
cut,  concise,  and  complete  statement  of  all  the  laws  and  the 
regulations  under  them,  which  materially  affect  the  exercise  of  his 
political  rights  and  the  performance  of  his  political  duti- 

Foreigners  visiting  our  country  have  ridiculed  the  American 
citizen,  because,  as  they  assume,  he  neglects  to  exercise  these  rights 
and  perform  these  duties.     Students  of  political  science  charge  many 
existing  evils  to  this  neglect;  while  would-be  reformers  foretell  and 
bemoan  an  ultimately  evil  fate  for  our  country  because  of  it. 

"When  we  take  up  the  study  of  our  political  system  and  the  laws 
relating  to  it,  we  find  an  explanation,  if  not  an  excuse,  for  the 
want  of  interest,  or  for  the  neglect,  if  it  be  such,  on  the  part  of  the 
great  body  of  our  citizens.  We  discover  that  whatever  may  be 
the  breadth  of  the  citizen's  view  of  the  dignity  of  his  sovereignty, 
and  the  need  and  value  of  an  active  exercise  of  it,  the  laws  regu- 
lating his  political  rights  and  duties  are  so  voluminous  and  involved, 
and  any  means  of  accurately  informing  oneself  so  difficult  for  the 
ordinary  citizen  to  obtain,  that  he  cannot  well  acquire  a  compre- 
hensive view  of  the  manner  and  method  of  its  exercise. 

In  fact,  the  American  citizen  is  earnest  in  the  desire  to  exercise 
his  political  rights  and  perform  his  duties.  That  he  is  intelligent 
and  active,  every  one  admits.  If  we  could  know  the  facts,  we 
would  be  amazed  at  the  amount  of  time  he  gives  in  the  effort  to 
inform  himself,  although  greatly  handicapped.  Even  when  he 
makes  an  earnest  effort  to  obtain  a  broad  view  of  his  rights  and 
•  luties,  by  questioning  his  friends  and  neighbors,  and  the  office- 
holders of  his  locality,  by  following  the  press,  by  consulting  a  law- 
yer, or  by  himself  poring  over  the  many  volumes  of  the  Revised 
Statutes,  the  busy  man  of  whatever  occupation — and  the  average 
citizen  of  this  country  is  indeed  a  busy  man — cannot  attain  full 
success  by  these  means  in  mastering  the  details  of  his  office  as  an 
integral  part  of  the  sovereign  power  of  the  State  and  Nation. 
The  responsibility  for  good  government,  which  in  a  mona 

iii 


1 .1.9991 


iv  PREFACE 

usually  rests  largely,  if  not  wholly,  upon  the  individual  sovereign 
as  the  head  of  the  State,  in  this  country  rests  upon  the  citizen,  and 
no  individual  can  escape  responsibility  to  himself,  to  his  fellows, 
or  to  posterity  by  pleading  ignorance  or  pressure  of  affairs.  Much 
complaint  is  made  that  by  his  apathy,  the  citizen  shows  that  he 
does  not  value  the  franchise  and  is  unworthy  of  it.  Can  better 
means  be  found  to  remove  the  ground,  if  any,  for  this  complaint, 
and  truly  enfranchise  the  citizen,  than  to  simplify  as  much  as  pos- 
sible, the  laws  controlling  the  exercise  of  his  political  rights  and 
place  in  his  hands  a  concise  and  complete  guide  book  to  those 
laws,  and  to  his  rights  and  duties  as  a  citizen,  so  arranged  as  to 
be  readily  made  use  of  by  any  one  possessing  a  common  school 
education  ?  All  who  have  faith  in  the  American  citizen  surely  have 
faith  to  believe  that  given  such  means  and  opportunities,  a  little 
time  would  show  increased  activity  on  his  part,  and  secure  results 
from  his  action  of  inestimable  value  to  the  State  and  Nation. 

If  this  book  furnishes  such  a  guide,  the  time  and  labor  spent 
by  the  writer  in  the  effort  to  condense  and  systematize  the  vast 
amount  of  material  relating  to  the  subject  will  have  been  indeed 
well  spent. 

Statistics  are  inserted  in  the  back  of  the  book  as  to  the  conven- 
tions and  electoral  vote  for  1908,  and  the  Presidential  elections  of 
former  years,  for  reference  during  the  Presidential  campaigns. 

The  heartiest  thanks  of  the  writer  are  due  many  friends  for 
kindly  aid  and  encouragement,  and  to  various  public  officials  for 
valuable  suggestions  and  many  expressions  of  approval. 

Chicago,  June  1,  1908. 


TABLE   OF    CONTENTS 


1 


lifications  of  Voters  in  Illinois 
What  is  ax  Office?  .... 

l»i  Al.lKK'ATlONS  FOR  HOLDING  OFFICE  IN  ILLINOIS 

Calendar  of  Regular  Elections 
Calendar  of  Primary  Elections  fob  1908 
Primary  Elections  and    History    of    Primari     Laws    i.\ 
Illinois     ....... 

Primary  Law  of  1908       ....... 

Election  Laws  of  Illinois,  Summary  of  .... 

Township  and  County  Government  .... 

List  of  Elective  Officers.  Qualifications,  Ti.mk  of  Elec- 
tion, and  Duties 

Township  Officers     . 

<  'ity  Officers    . 

Village  and  Town  Officers 

( lounty  Officers 

Judicial  Officer- 
State  Officers  . 

National  Officers 
Naturalization  and  Citizenship 

Naturalization  Laws  of  the  United  States  and  Regu- 
lations, Summary  of 

Oil  [CIALS  Aimmun ;tkd  in    THE  GOVERNOR 

Officials  AlPpod^ted  by  the  Governor  witb  Consent  oi 

Senate      ........ 

Officials  Selec  pbd  for  Stat  i:  A.qricultural  Societu  - 
Officials  Acting  Ex-OFi  rto  as  Members  oi-  State  lit»Ai-:i»s     PJ3 

v 


■_) 

3 

4 

4-149 

9 

14 
20 
34 

37 
37 
46-60 
52 
66 
79 
S5 
96 
102 

104 

n:» 

116 
121 


VI 


TABLE  OF   CONTEXTS 


Officials  Appointed  by  the  State  Senate  .  .  124 

Officials  Appointed  by  the  House  of  Representatives  124 

Officials  Appointed  by  Various  Judiclvl  Officers     .       125,126 
Officials  Appointed  by  City  and  Village  Officers  .        129-131 
Officlaxs  Appointed  by  County  Officers  .  .  126 

Federal  Officlals  Appointed  for  Illinois         .  134 

Table  of  Presidents  of  the  United  States        .  .  138 

Popular  Vote  for  President  by  States,  1896-1904      .  .     139 

Electoral  College,  1908  ......     143 

National  Conventions  to  be  Held  in  1908       .  .  .144 

General  Index         .  .  .  .  .  .  •  .151 


VOTERS'  HANDBOOK  AND 
CITIZENS'  MANUAL 


QUALIFICATIONS    OF    VOTERS 

WHO   ARE   ENTITLED   TO   VOTE   IN  ILLINOIS 

The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  declares  that  "all  persons 
born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States,  and  subject  to  the  juris- 
dictioD  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  State 
wherein  they  reside."     (Fourteenth  Amendment.) 

Citizens  of  the  United  States  cannot  be  denied  the  right  to 
vote  on  account  of  race,  color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude. 
(Fifteenth  Amendment.) 

Art.  VII.  of  the  Constitution  of  Illinois  provides  as  follows: 

"Suffrage.  Sec.  1.  Every  person  having  resided  in  this  State 
one  year,  in  the  county  ninety  days,  and  in  the  election  district  thirty 
•  lavs  next  preceding  any  election  therein,  who  shall  be  a  male  citizen 
of  the  United  States,  above  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  shall  be 
entitled  to  vote  at  such  election. 

bc.  '-.     All  votes  shall  be  by  ballot. 

c.  3.  Electors  shall,  in  all  cases  except  treason,  felony,  or 
breach  of  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their  attendance 
at  elections,  and  in  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same.  And 
no  elector  shall  be  obliged  to  do  military  duty  on  the  days  of  elec- 
tion, except  in  time  of  war  or  public  danger. 

•.4.  No  elector  shall  be  deemed  to  have  lost  his  residence 
in  this  State  by  reason  of  his  absence  on  business  of  the  United 
Mates  or  of  this  State,  or  in  the  military  or  naval  service  of  the 
United  Stat< 

•<•.  5.  No  soldier,  seaman,  or  marine  in  the  army  or  navy  of 
the  United  States  shall  be  deemed  a  resident  of  this  State  in  con- 
sequence of  being  stationed  therein." 

Women  have  the  right  to  vote  in  Illinois  in  certain  cases,  as 
follow- : 

"Any  woman  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  and  upwards, 
belonging  to  either  of  the  classes  mentioned  in  Art.  VII.  of  the  Con- 

1 


2      VOTERS'  HANDBOOK  AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

stitution  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  who  shall  have  resided  in  this  State 
one  year,  in  the  county  ninety  days,  and  in  the  election  district 
thirty  days  preceding  any  election  held  for  the  purpose  of  choosing 
any  officer  of  schools  under  the  general  or  special  school  laws  of 
this  State,  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at  such  election  in  the  school 
district  of  which  she  shall  at  the  time  have  been  for  thirty  days 
a  resident." 

"Any  woman  so  voting  must  have  been  registered  in  the  same 
manner  as  is  provided  for  the  registration  of  male  voters."  (Act 
of  June  19,  1891.) 

Disqualification.  Const,  of  111.,  Art.  VII.,  Sec.  7:  "The  General 
Assembly  shall  pass  laws  excluding  from  the  right  of  suffrage  per- 
sons convicted  of  infamous  crimes." 

The  General  Election  Laws  of  this  State  declare  that  the  follow- 
ing persons  are  disqualified  from  voting,  viz.: 

Sec.  70.  No  person  who  has  been  legally  convicted  of  any  crime 
the  punishment  of  which  is  confinement  in  the  penitentiary,  or  who 
shall  be  convicted  and  sentenced  under  Section  83  of  this  Act,  shall 
be  permitted  to  vote  at  any  election  unless  he  shall  be  restored  to 
the  right  to  vote  by  pardon,  or  by  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  his 
disfranchisement  under  Section  83  of  this  Act. 

Sec.  83.  Any  person  who  shall  solicit,  request,  demand,  or  re- 
ceive, directly  or  indirectly,  any  money,  intoxicating  liquor,  or 
other  thing  of  value,  or  the  promise  thereof,  either  to  influence  his 
vote,  or  to  be  used  to  procure  the  vote  of  any  other  person  or  per- 
sons, or  to  be  used  at  any  poll  or  other  place  prior  to  or  on  the  day 
of  an  election,  for  or  against  any  candidate  for  office,  or  for  or  against 
any  measure  or  question  to  be  voted  upon  at  such  election,  shall 
be  deemed  guilty  of  the  infamous  crime  of  bribery  in  elections,  and 
upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  sentenced  to  disfranchisement 
for  a  term  of  not  less  than  five  nor  more  than  fifteen  years,  and 
to  the  county  jail  not  less  than  three  months  nor  more  than  one 
year,  and  to  pay  the  cost  of  prosecution  and  stand  committed  to 
the  county  jail  until  such  costs  shall  be  fully  paid.  For  conviction 
of  a  second  offense  under  this  section,  such  offender  shall  be  for- 
ever disfranchised  and  deprived  of  the  right  to  vote  in  this  State. 

WHAT   IS  AN   OFFICE 

An  office  is  a  public  position,  created  by  the  Constitution  or 
laws  of  the  State,  to  be  filled  by  election  or  appointment,  and  to 
be  held  for  a  fixed  time  or  during  the  pleasure  of  the  appointing 
power.      (Const,  of  111.,  Art.  V.,  Sec.  24.) 


QUALIFICATloxs    OF    VOTERS 


QUALIFICATIONS   FOR    HOLDING    OFFICE 
IN    ILLINOIS 

'All  civil  officers,  except  members  of  the  general  assembly  and 
such  inferior  officers  as  may  be  by  law  exempted,  shall  before  they 
cuter  on  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices,  take  and  subscribe 
the  following  oath  or  affirmation: 

'I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm,as  the  case  may  be,)  thai 
I  will  suppdrt  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
Constitution  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  and  that  I  will  faithfully 

discharge  the  duties  of  the  office  of according  to  the 

beet  of  my  ability.' 
"And  no  other  oath,  declaration  or  test  shall  be  required  as  a 
qualification."      (Sec.  25,  Art.  V.,  Const.   1870.) 

By  Sec.  6  of  Art.  VII.  of  the  State  Constitution,  it  is  declared 
as  follows: 

"No  person  shall  be  elected  or  appointed  to  any  office  in  this 
State,  civil  or  military,  who  is  not  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
and  who  shall  not  have  resided  in  this  State  one  year  next  preceding 
the  election  or  appointment." 

Women  under  the  school  laws  are  eligible  to  school  office: 

"Any  woman,  married  or  single,  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years 
and  upwards,  and  possessing  the  qualifications  prescribed  for  the 
office,  shall  be  eligible  to  anv  office  under  the  general  or  special  school 
laws  of  this  State."      (School  Laws,  Art.  XVI.,  Sec.  2.) 

The  laws  provide  for  other  qualifications  in  some  cases.  These 
are  hereinafter  stated  under  the  description  of  each  office. 


CALENDAR   OF    REGULAR   ELECTIONS  IN   ILLINOIS 

PRIMARY  ELECTIONS   IN    1908 

(See  page  149  hereof  for  Calendar  for  1908  prepared  by  Hon. 
W.  H.  Stead,  Attorney-General. ) 

SATURDAY,   AUGUST   8,   1908 

Under  the  "Jones-Oglesby  Direct  Primary  Law,"  passed  Jan- 
uary 29,  1908,  and  in  force  July  1st,  a  primary  election  will  be  held 
August  8,  1908,  for  the  nomination  of  candidates  for  all  elective 
offices,  state,  congressional,  senatorial,  county,  city,  village,  town 
and  judicial,  to  be  filled  at  the  November  election  in  1908  (includ- 
ing all  municipal  officers  who  are  by  law  elected  at  the  November 
election,  also  Sanitary  District  Trustees,  members  of  the  State 
Board  of  Equalization,  and  Clerks  of  the  Appellate  Courts )  except 
candidates  for  State  University  Trustees  and  Presidential  Electors. 

The  act  not  taking  effect  until  July  1,  1908,  primaries  were  not 
held  under  it  for  nomination  of  candidates  for  officers  elected  at  the 
spring  elections  1908  for  county,  city,  village,  town,  and  judicial 
offices.  The  primary  elections  for  these  officers  for  1908  were 
governed  by  the  act  of  February  10, 1898,  as  amended  May  11,  1901 ; 
in  all  counties  and  municipalities  which  have  adopted  the  act  of 
May  11,  1901,  and  in  Cook  County,  to  which  the  act  directly  applied. 

In  the  years  succeeding  1908  the  primary  elections  are  to  be 
held  under  the  "Jones-Oglesby  Law"  as  follows: 

LAST   TUESDAY  IN   FEBRUARY 

For  nomination  of  candidates  for  officers  to  be  elected  in  the 

cities,  villages,  and  towns  which  elect  officers  on  the  first  Tuesday 

in  April. 

SECOND   TUESDAY  IN  MARCH 

For  the  nomination  of  candidates  for  officers  to  be  elected  in  the 
cities,  villages,  and  towns  which  elect  officers  on  the  third  Tuesday 
in  April. 

4 


CALENDAR  OF  REGULAR  ELECTIONS  5 

SECOND   TUESDAY   IN   APRIL 

For  the  nomination  of  candidates  for  judicial  officers  to  be 
elected  in  June  of  any  year. 

For  the  nomination  of  candidates  for  offices  to  be  filled  at  the 
November  election  in  any  year. 

A  primary  for  the  nomination  for  all  other  officers  required  to 
be  made  under  the  act  shall  be  held  three  weeks  before  the  date 
of  the  general  election  for  such  officers  respectively. 

REGULAR  GENERAL  ELECTIONS 

FIRST   TUESDAY   IN   APRIL 
Elections  for  Township  Officers. 

Assessor,  Collector,  Town  Clerk,  Supervisor,  Highway 
Commissioner,  and  Poundmaster  annually,  and 

Constable  and  Justice   of  the  Peace  in   1909  and  every 
fourth  year  thereafter. 
Elections  in  Cities,  Villages,  and  Incorporated  Towns. 

All  town   (township)  officers,  officers  in  cities  containing 
one  or  more  towns,  and  officers  in  all  villages  organized  under 
the  general  law,  whose  boundaries  coincide  with  the  boun- 
daries of  a  township,  annually. 
Judicial  Election. 

One  judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Cook  County  is  elected 
on  this  day  in  1913  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter. 

THIRD   TUESDAY   IN   APRIL 

Elections  in  Cities,  Villages,  and  Incorporated  Towns. 

Officers  of  cities  organized  under  the  general  law  (except 
such  as  contain  within  their  corporate  limits  one  or  more  town- 
ships) annually. 

Officers  of  villages  organized  under  the  general  law  (except 
where  the  territorial  limits  coincide  with  the  territorial  limits 
of  a  township)  annually. 

SECOND   SATURDAY  IN   APRIL   ANNUALLY 
School  Elections. 

Township  Trustees  of  Schools. 


6       VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Members  of  High  School  Board  of  Education.  In  town- 
ships having  township  high  schools,  two  members  are  to  be 
elected  each  year,  save  that  in  the  third  year  but  one  mem- 
ber is  elected. 

THIRD   SATURDAY   IN   APRIL   ANNUALLY 

Members  of  the  Board  of  Education  in  school  districts 
having  a  population  of  not  less  than  1,000  and  not  more  than 
100,000. 

School  Directors  in  school  districts  having  a  population  of 
less  than  1,000. 

FIRST   MONDAY  IN   JUNE 
Judicial  Elections. 

One  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Cook  County  in  1909 
and  every  sixth  year  thereafter. 

Judges  of  the  Circuit  Court  in  1909  and  every  sixth  year 
thereafter. 

One  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  the  Fifth  District  in 
1909  and  every  ninth  year  thereafter. 

One  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  the  Fourth  District 
in  1912  and  every  ninth  year  thereafter. 

Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  for  the  First,  Second,  Third, 
Sixth,  and  Seventh  Districts  in  1915  and  every  ninth  year 
thereafter. 

TUESDAY  AFTER  THE  FIRST   MONDAY   IN   NOVEMBER 

Judges  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Cook  County. 

Six  judges  in  1910  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter. 

Four  judges  in  1911  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter. 

Chief  Justice,  Clerk,  and  Bailiff  of  the  Municipal  Court  of 
Chicago  in  1912  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter. 

Nine  associate  judges  of  said  Municipal  Court  in  1908  and 
every  sixth  year  thereafter. 

Nine  associate  judges  of  said  Municipal  Court  in  1910  and 
every  sixth  year  thereafter. 

Nine  associate  judges  of  said  Municipal  Court  in  1912  and 
every  sixth  year  thereafter. 


CALENDAR  OF  REGULAR  ELECTIONS  7 

County  Officers. 

County  Judge  in  1910  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Probate  Judge  in  1910  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter  in 
counties  having  70,000  .population. 

County  Commissioners  in  counties  not  under  township 
organization,  one  each  year. 

County  Commissioners  in  Cook  County,  fifteen  are  to  be 
elected  in  1908  and  every  two  years  thereafter,  ten  from  the 
city  of  Chicago  and  five  from  the  towns  in  the  county  outside 
of  the  city,  one  of  them  being  designated  as  President  of  the 
Board. 

Clerk  of  Superior  Court  of  Cook  County  in  1908  and  even- 
fourth  year  thereafter. 

Clerks  of  the  Circuit  Courts  in  1908  and  every  fourth  year 
thereafter. 

States  Attorney  in  1908  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

County  Surveyor  in  1908  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

County  Coronor  in  1908  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Recorder  of  Deeds  in  1908  and  every  fourth  year  there- 
after, in  counties  having  60,000  population. 

Clerk  of  the  Criminal  Court  of  Cook  County  in  1910  and 
every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Clerk  of  the  Probate  Court  in  1910  (in  counties  having 
70,000  population)  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

County  Clerk  in  1910  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

County  Treasurer  in  1910  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

County  Superintendent  of  Schools  in  1910  and  every 
fourth  year  thereafter. 

Sheriff  in  1910  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Assessors  (Members  of  Board  of)  in  Cook  County,  two  in 
1908  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter  (only  one  can  be  from  the 
city  of  Chicago),  one  in  1910  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter, 
two  in  1912  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter. 

Members  Board  ,of  Review  of  Cook  County,  one  in  1908 
and  every  sixth  year  thereafter,  one  in  1910  and  every  sixth 
year  thereafter,  one  in  1912  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter. 

Trustees  of  the  Sanitary  District  of  Chicago,  three  in  1908 


S      VOTERS'   HANDBOOK  AND  CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

and  every  sixth  year  thereafter,  three  in  1910  and  every  sixth 
year  thereafter  (one  of  those  chosen  in  1910  to  be  President 
of  the  Board  for  5  years),  three  in  1912  and  every  sixth  year 
thereafter. 
State  Officers. 

State  Senator  in  even  numbered  Senatorial  districts  in  1908 
and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

State  Senator  in  odd  numbered  Senatorial  districts  in  1910 
and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Three  Members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  from  each 
Senatorial  District  in  Illinois  in  1908  and  every  second  year 
thereafter. 

One  Member  of  State  Board  of  Equalization  from  each 
Congressional  District  in  1908  and  every  fourth  year  there- 
after. 

Governor  in  1908  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Lieutenant-Governor  in  1908  and  every  fourth  year  there- 
after. 

Secretary  of  State  in  1908  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Auditor  of  Public  Accounts  in  1908  and  every  fourth  year 
thereafter. 

Attorney-General  in  1908  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

State  Treasurer  in  1908  and  every  second  year  thereafter. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  in  1910  and  every 
fourth  year  thereafter. 

Trustees  of  the  University  of  Illinois.  Three  are  to  be 
elected  in  1908  for  a  term  of  six  years  and  three  every  second 
year  thereafter. 

Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  1908  and  every  sixth  year 
thereafter. 

Clerks  of  the  Appellate  Court  for  the  four  districts  in  the 
State,  in  1908  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter. 
National  Elections. 

Representatives  in  Congress  in  1908  and  every  second 
year  thereafter. 

Electors  of  President  and  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States  in  1908  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 


t 

PRIMARY    ELECTIONS   IN    ILLINOIS 

Until  late  years  no  attempt  was  made  to  control  by  law  the 
primary  elections  in  this  State.  Formerly  all  nominations  of  can- 
didates for  office  were  made  by  voluntary  caucuses  of  members 
of  the  different  parties,  or  by  primary  elections  held  solely  under 
the  direction  of  the  committees  or  managers  of  the  respective 
parties.  These  were  held  for  the  purpose  of  selecting  delegates 
to  the  various  conventions,  state,  county,  township  or  district,  at 
which  the  party  candidates  for  office  for  those  respective  political 
subdivisions  were  nominated.  In  theory,  no  person  save  those 
affiliated  with  a  party  could  vote  or  take  part  in  the  caucuses  or 
primary  elections  of  that  party;  but  in  fact,  the  party  primary 
elections  were  often  dominated  in  whole  or  in  material  part  by 
those  not  actually  in  sympathy  with  the  party  holding  them. 

The  delegates  selected  often  found  themselves  wholly  unable 
to  carry  out  in  convention  the  pledges  given  the  voters  at  the 
primaries  because  of  opposition  of  party  leaders  and  holders  of 
office.  Violations  of  their  pledges  were  not  infrequent.  The  con- 
ventions were  generally  controlled  by  the  party  leaders  and  the 
nominations  dictated  by  them. 

The  voluntary  primaries  conducted  by  the  political  parties  were 
strongly  criticized,  and  later  the  convention  system  itself,  and  the 
fraud  and  manipulation  to  which  they  were  both  subject  were 
condemned.  The  courts  lacking  power  to  control  in  these  matters 
or  to  effectively  prevent  fraud  or  to  secure  a  fair  conduct  of  such 
elections,  the  public  and  the  press  for  years  demanded  that  the 
control  and  protection  of  the  law  be  given  them. 

From  an  interesting  history  of  the  primary  election  laws  in 
Illinois  given  by  Mr.  Justice  Carter  of  the  Supreme  Court  "of  this 
State  in  one  of  the  opinions  of  that  court,  it  appears  that  the  first 
legislative  attempt  to  regulate  the  holding  of  party  caucuses  or 
elections  for  the  nominations  of  candidates  for  office  was  in  1885, 
when  the  City  Election  Law  was  adopted  in  which  the  parties  were 
recognized  in  the  selection  of  the  Board  of  Election  Commissioners 

9 


10     VOTERS'  HANDBOOK  AND   CITIZENS'  MANUAL 

in  Chicago  and  in^the  appointment  of  judges  and  clerks.  A  sep- 
arate law  was  enacted  the  same  year  declaring  it  unlawful  for  any- 
one to  vote  at  any  primary  election  unless  he  was  at  the  time  a 
qualified  voter  in  the  district  under  the  general  election  laws  of  the 
State,  and  fixing  a  penalty  by  fine  and  imprisonment. 

In  1889  an  effort  was  first  made  to  regulate  in  this  State  the 
entire  procedure  of  nominating  candidates  for  office,  but  this  law 
was  not  compulsory  upon  the  political  parties,  the  party  committees 
being  authorized  to  use  it  or  not  as  they  chose. 

When  the  Australian  ballot  system  was  adopted  in  this  State 
in  1891,  the  law  for  the  first  time  took  control  of -many  of  the  de- 
tails of  the  elections,  which  had  been  left  to  the  caucuses  or  com- 
mittees of  the  parties,  and  it  regulated  in  a  general  way  the  nomina- 
tion of  candidates  for  the  elective  offices,  except  trustees  of  schools, 
school  directors,  members  of  boards  of  education,  and  road  officers 
in  counties  not  under  township  organization. 

A  compulsory  primary  law  was  first  adopted  in  1898,  but  this 
applied  directly  to  Cook  County  only,  though  it  authorized  the 
people  of  any  county,  city,  or  incorporated  town  in  the  State  to 
adopt  it  by  vote,  and  it  wTas  so  adopted  in  some  cities  and  counties. 

In  1899  a  law  was  passed  regulating  primary  elections,  but  it 
was  made  to  apply  only  to  counties  having  less  than  125,000  inhab- 
itants (that  is,  to  the  entire  State  outside  of  Cook  County,)  and 
only  when  adopted  by  vote  of  the  people.  It  was  so  adopted  in 
several  counties.  In  1901  an  act  was  passed  amending  in  many 
details  the  act  of  1898,  and  extending  its  provisions. 

None  of  the  laws  thus  far  mentioned  were  intended  or  adapted 
to  secure  a  direct  vote  of  the  members  of  a  party  upon  the  nomi- 
nation of  its  candidates  for  office,  but  the  law's  control,  such  as  it 
was,  applied  to  the  system  of  selection  of  party  delegates  and  their 
action  in  party  conventions.  Direct  party  primaries  for  the 
nomination  of  candidates  for  county  offices  have  been  customary, 
it  is  said,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  State  for  many  years,  the 
nomination  being  given  to  the  candidate  receiving  a  plurality  of 
votes  at  said  primary. 

Agitation  of  the  question  of  direct  primaries  or  selection  of 
candidates  by  direct  vote  had  begun  prior  to  the  act  of  1901,  and 


HISTORY   OF  PRIMARY   LAWS  11 

increased  greatly  thereafter.  In  1904  the  question  whether  a  law- 
should  be  passed  allowing  the  people  to  vote  at  primaries  directly 
for  candidates  for  office  was  submitted  to  the  people,  and  a  great 
majority  of  the  votes  cast  w-ere  in  favor  of  such  a  law.  Drafts  of 
laws  to  secure  this  wrere  prepared,  and  one  at  least  was  introduced 
in  the  legislature  of  1905,  but  it  was  not  adopted  nor  was  the 
principle  of  direct  nomination  recognized  in  the  Primary  Election 
Law  passed  that  year. 

The  Primary  Law  of  May  18,  1905,  was  the  first  applying  to, 
and  compulsory  upon,  the  entire  State,  but  even  this  law  excepted 
from  its  operation  cities,  villages,  and  incorporated  towns  outside 
of  Cook  County,  having  a  population  of  less  than  1,000.  It  did 
not  regulate  nominations  for  candidates  for  Supreme  or  Circuit 
Judges,  or  County  Commissioners  in  counties  not  under  township 
organization.  The  purpose  of  this  law-  of  1905,  as  declared  by  its 
advocates  was  to  aid  more  effectively  in  ascertaining  and  declar- 
ing the  will  of  the  people,  to  prevent  violence,  correct  abuses,  and 
punish  frauds  at  the  elections  for  the  purpose  of  nominating  offi- 
cers, and  to  secure  free  and  intelligent  action  by  the  delegates  in 
convention.  The  act  placed  all  nominating  or  primary  elections  in 
the  State  outside  of  Cook  County  in  the  hands  of  the  regular  election 
officers  of  the  election  precincts,  and  punished  by  fine  and  imprison- 
ment frauds  in  these  elections,  and  violations  of  its  provisions. 

A  separate  system  was  created  by  this  law  applying  directly 
to  elections  in  Cook  County  only.  The  law-  was  held  to  be  void 
by  the  Supreme  Court  in  an  opinion  given  April  5,  1906.  (People 
vs.  Election  Comrs.  221  III.,  9.)  The  defects  found  to  exist  related 
to  the  form  of  the  act,  and  the  means  provided  by  it.  A  legislative 
attempt  to  control  such  elections,  and  punish  violations  of  the  law- 
was  not  criticised.  The  Court  declared  the  Primary  Act  of  1901  to 
be  then  in  force. 

At  an  extra  session  of  the  General  -  Assembly  immediately 
called,  a  new  compulsory  primary  election  law  w7as  passed  and 
approved  May  23,  1906,  going  into  effect  July  1st,  of  that  year,  and 
greatly  extending  the  laws'  control  over  such  elections,  and  recog- 
nizing in  a  slight  degree  the  principle  of  a  direct  primary  vote, 
though  retaining  the  delegate  and  convention  features. 


12    VOTERS'  HANDBOOK  AND  CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Under  this  law,  the  primaries  of  all  parties  were  to  be  held  on 
the  same  day,  and  in  the  same  manner  in  all  parts  of  the  State. 
The  law  applied  only  to  the  elections  held  in  November,  and  did 
not  apply  to  the  spring  municipal  elections  or  to  the  nominations 
for  Trustees  of  the  State  University,  for  County  Commissioners 
in  counties  not  under  township  organization,  or  for  township  officers. 
Voters  at  the  primaries  might  express  their  preference  for  candi- 
dates for  United  States  Senator.  The  same  polling  places  were  to 
be  used  by  all  parties,  and  the  same  election  officials  were  to  serve. 
Two  ballots  were  to  be  voted  at  the  primaries:  one  called  "Official 
Primary  Ballot,"  contained  the  names  of  all  the  candidates  for 
nomination.  By  marking  and  depositing  this  ballot  the  voter 
expressed  his  preference  as  to  candidates.  The  other,  the  "Dele- 
gate Ballot/'  contained  the  names  of  the  delegates  to  the  party 
conventions.  The  vote  on  the  official  ballot  operated  as  instruc- 
tions to  the  delegates  chosen  to  sit  in  the  conventions,  but  only  for 
one  roll  call. 

..4  Primary  elections  were  held  under  the  law  of  1906,  in  August 
of  that  year  to  select  candidates  for  offices  to  be  filled  at  the  Novem- 
ber elections  following,  and  a  direct  vote  was  taken  at  those  pri- 
maries for  candidates  for  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  to  fill  the 
vacancy  arising  in  Illinois,  March  4,  1907.  The  validity  of  the  law 
was  soon  questioned,  and  litigation  over  it  finally  reached  the 
Supreme  Court,  where  it  was  held  that  the  law  was  not  in  accord 
with  the  Constitution.  (Rouse  vs.  Thompson,  228  III.,  522.  Opin- 
ion filed  October  2,  1907. )     The  defects  arising  and  pointed  out  were 

(1 )  in-  its  title;  (2)  an  attempt  to  confer  broader  powers  upon  the 
party  committees  than  was  justified;  (3)  the  method  of  establish- 
ing delegate  districts;     (4)  manner  of  filling  vacancies  in  offices, 

(5)  in  requiring  a  registration  of  the  voter  thirty  days  before 
election;  and  (6)  in  limiting  the  vote  for  Representatives  in  the 
General  Assembly  to  one  candidate  from  each  district. 

These  defects  did  not  go  to  the  propriety  or  legality  of  legisla- 
tive control  of  such  elections,  but  the  court  declared  that  such 
elections  were  within  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution  protecting 
elections;  that  a  voter  was  entitled  to  have  such  elections  honestly 
conducted;  the  primaries  of  a  party  confined  to  the  voters  affiliated 


HISTORY  OF  PRIMARY  LAWS  13 

with  that  party;  that  it  was  the  duty  of  the  legislature  to  provide 
all  reasonable  regulations  and  laws  to  prevent  fraud,  injustice, 
and  oppression,  and  to  preserve  the  equal  rights  of  all;  and  that  the 
question  of  what  regulations  should  be  made  to  secure  fair  primary 
elections  rested  with  the  legislature  and  not  with  the  court. 

The  effect  of  this  decision  seemed  to  be  to  leave  the  act  of 
1898,  as  amended  in  1901,  in  full  force  as  was  stated  to  be  the 
result  of  the  decision  by  the  court  in  the  People  vs.  Election  Comrs., 
when  the  law  of  1905  was  held  void. 


PRIMARY   LAW  OF    1908 

The  legislature  of  1907,  meeting  in  October  of  that  year  in 
adjourned  session  after  the  decision  holding  the  law  of  1906  void, 
the  subject  was  again  taken  up,  and  an  act  was  passed  January  29, 
1908,  called  the  "  Jones-Oglesby  Direct  Primary  Law,"  which 
goes  into  effect  July  1*  1908,  and  purports  to  make  a  direct  vote 
compulsory  at  all  primary  elections  for  all  candidates  for  office, 
the  person  receiving  the  highest  number  of  votes  at  a  primary  as 
the  candidate  of  a  party  for  an  office,  to  be  the  candidate  of  that 
party  for  that  office.  It  controls  the  nomination  of  candidates  for  all 
elective  officers,  congressional,  state  senatorial,  state,  county, 
village,  city,  town,  and  judicial  officers,  including  members  of  the 
State  Board  of  Equalization,  Trustees  of  the  Sanitary  District, 
Clerks  of  the  Appellate  Courts  and  officers  of  the  Municipal  Court 
of  Chicago,  but  excepts  from  its  operation  candidates  for  Presi- 
dential Electors,  Trustees  of  the  State  University,  township  officers 
such  as  Supervisor,  Town  Clerk,  Assessor,  Collector,  and  Highway 
Commissioner,  and  all  school  officers  save  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction  and  County  Superintendent  of  Schools,  for  which  two 
last  named  offices  candidates  must  be  chosen  at  the  primaries. 

What  is  a  Party?  A  political  party  under  the  act  is  declared  to 
be  a  party  which  cast  at  least  two  per  cent  of  the  entire  vote  cast  in 
any  county  for  State  and  county  officers,  or  within  any  city,  village, 
town,  or  other  municipality,  except  township  and  school  district,  for 
officers  thereof  at  the  general  election  next  preceding  a  primary,  thus 
recognizing  as  many  different  kinds  of  parties  as  there  are  political 
subdivisions  into  counties,  cities,  villages,  towns,  and  other  munici- 
palities. The  parties  required  to  hold  primaries  in  Illinois  in  1908 
are  Republican,  Democratic,  Prohibition,  and  Socialist,  each  having 
polled  two  per  cent  of  votes  cast  in  November,  1906. 

When  primaries  are  ,to  be  held.  In  1908  the  primaries  for  all 
parties  are  to  be  held  on  August  8th. 

In  succeeding  years  they  are  to  be  held  as  follows: 

For  city  elections  in  cities  which  elect  officers  on  the  first 

14 


PRIMARY  LAW  OF   1908  15 

Tuesday  in  April,  the  primary  is  to  be  held  on  the  last  Tues- 
day in  February. 

For  city  elections  in  cities  which  elect  officers  on  the  third 
Tuesday  in  April,  the  primary  is  to  be  held  on  the  second 
Tuesday  in  March. 

For  the  nomination  of  candidates  for  offices  to  be  filled  at 
November  elections,  the  primary  shall  be  held  on  the  second 
Tuesday  in  April. 

For  the  nomination  of  judicial  candidates  for  the  judicial 

election  in  June,  the  primary  shall  be  held  on  the  second 

Tuesday  in  April. 

Party  Committeemen.     The  act  provides  for  the  election  of  the 

managing  committees  of  the  political  parties  at  the  primaries,  a 

precinct  committeeman  to  be  chosen  for  each  party  by  ballot  at 

each  precinct.     A  member  of  the  State  Central  Committee  is  to  be 

elected  from  each  congressional  district  at  the  August  primary  in 

1908,  and  at  April  primary  in  1910,  and  every  two  years  thereafter, 

and  at  the  same  primaries  senatorial  district  committeemen  are  to 

be  elected  as  follows: 

In  districts  composed  of  three  or  more  counties  one  mem- 
ber from  each  county;  in  districts  of  two  counties,  two  mem- 
bers from  the  county  having  the  largest  number  of  voters,  and 
one  from  the  other;  in  districts  of  one  county  or  less  three 
members  are  elected. 
The  County  Central  Committee  is  made  up  of  the  precinct 
committeemen  elected  at  the  primary. 

The  Congressional  District  Committee  is  to  be  composed  of 
the  chairmen  of  the  county  committees  of  the  counties  in  the 
district,  and 'in  districts  like  those  in  Cook  County,  the  precinct 
committeemen  in  the  district  compose  the  congressional  com- 
mittee. The  precinct  committeemen  in  a  city  compose  the  city 
committee. 

This  law  recognizes  and  continues  the  various  political  party 
committees  now  in  existence  until  their  successors  are  chosen.  It 
allows  and  regulates  the  holding  of  certain  conventions,  viz.: 

County  Convention.  The  County  Central  Committee  meet  at 
the  county  seat,  and  choose  a  chairman.     This  meeting  is  to  be  the 


16     VOTERS'   HANDBOOK  AND  CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

county  convention,  and  it  chooses  delegates  to  the  State  Senatorial, 
Congressional,  and  State  Conventions. 

In  county  conventions  each  committeeman  has  one  vote,  and 
one  additional  vote  for  each  fifty  or  larger  fraction  of  fifty  votes 
cast  by  the  party  in  his  precinct  at  the  last  general  election. 

The  County  Convention  meets  the  second  Wednesday  after  the 
April  primary. 

Senatorial  District  Convention.  The  Senatorial  District  Con- 
vention is  held  on  the  third  Wednesday. 

Congressional  District  Convention.  The  Congressional  District 
Convention  is  held  on  the  fourth  Wednesday.  This  convention 
selects  delegates  and  alternates  to  the  National  Convention,  and 
recommends  to  the  State  Convention  the  nomination  of  candidates 
from  the  congressional  district  for  Presidential  Electors. 

State  Convention.  This  act  provides  that  the  State  Convention 
shall  (after  1908,)  be  held  on  the  fifth  Wednesday  after  the  April 
primary,  and  that  at  this  convention  there  may  be  nominated 
candidates  for  Presidential  Electors,  and  for  Trustees  of  the  State 
University.  The  convention  may  adopt  a  party  platform,  and 
choose  the  delegates  and  alternates  to  the  National  Convention. 

Each  of  the  conventions  named  is  allowed  to  perform  the  func- 
tions of  such  political  organizations  not  inconsistent  with  the  act. 

Candidates  for  Illinois  House  of  Representatives.  The  elected 
senatorial  committeemen  for  each  senatorial  district  shall  meet  at 
least  thirty-three  days  prior  to  the  April  primaries,  and  determine 
how  many  candidates  shall  be  nominated  by  their  party  in  that 
district  for  the  House  of  Representatives. 

Ballot.  The  law  provides  for  a  printed  ballot  to  be  used  at  the 
primaries,  in  which  the  names  of  the  candidates  are  to  be  printed 
in  a  column.  This  is  what  is  termed  the  "  Shoe-string "  ballot. 
Each  party  must  have  its  own  ballot,  and  no  two  can  be  of  the  same 
color.  The  names  of  candidates  are  placed  on  this  ballot  in  the 
order  in  which  their  petitions  for  nominations  are  filed.  The 
County  Clerk  (or  Board  of  Election  Commissioners  if  there  be  one) 
prepares  and  prints  these  ballots  for  state  and  county  primaries, 
and  Clerks  of  Municipalities,  such  as  cities,  villages,  and  towns,  must 
prepare  and  print  the  ballots  for  their  local  primaries.     At  the  bot- 


PRIMARY  LAW  OF   1908  17 

torn  of  the  ballot,  the  primary  elector  will  find  a  space  under  the 
heading  "Precinct  Committeeman,"  in  which  he  may  write  or 
attach  the  name  of  the  candidate  of  his  choice  for  precinct  com- 
mitteeman. In  voting  for  precinct  committeeman,  the  primary 
elector  is  not  required  to  place  a  cross  opposite  the  name  of  such 
candidate. 

The  officer  who  prints  the  ballots  must  determine  the  color  of 
the  primary  ballot  of  each  party.  He  must  post  an  announcement 
of  the  color  of  the  ballot  of  each  party  in  his  office  at  least  fifteen 
days  prior  to  the  date  of  the  primary;  in  addition  thereto,  he  must 
publish  such  announcement  for  at  least  one  week  in  three  news- 
papers of  general  circulation  in  the  county,  or  if  a  municipal  pri- 
mary, in  at  least  three  newspapers  printed  and  published  in  the 
city,  if  there  be  three  newspapers  printed  and  published  in  the 
city.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  clerk  who  prints  the  ballot  to  deliver 
to  the  primary  judges,  at  least  five  days  prior  to  the  date  of  the 
primary,  five  specimen  ballots  of  each  political  party,  to  be  posted 
by  the  judges  in  the  precinct  where  the  primary  will  be  held.  One 
specimen  ballot  of  each  political  party  must  be  posted  at  the  polling 
place.  The  specimen  ballot  must  be  printed  on  paper  of  a  different 
texture  and  color  from  the  official  primary  ballot.  It  should  be 
marked 
"SPECIMEN  PRIMARY  BALLOT  FOR  THE PARTY." 

The  name  of  no  candidate  for  nomination  to  office  or  as  a  com- 
mitteeman shall  be  printed  on  the  ballot  unless  a  petition  of  voters 
for  his  nomination  shall  have  been  filed  in  his  behalf.  The  form 
of  these  petitions,  method  of  obtaining  and  filing,  and  the  time  of 
filing  the  same,  are  given  with  much  detail  in  the  law. 

Petitions.  The  petitions  must  be  of  sheets  of  uniform  size, 
must  have  a  heading  giving  the  name  of  the  candidate,  the  office, 
the  party  represented,  and  his  place  of  residence.  The  heading  of 
•each  sheet  must  be  the  same,  must  be  signed  by  qualified  primary 
electors  in  person,  the  residence  address  must  be  written,  and  if  in 
a  city  of  over  10,000,  the  street  number  must  be  given.  Each 
sheet  must  have  at  the  bottom  a  sworn  statement  by  an  adult 
resident  of  the  district  giving  his  residence  as  above,  stating  that 
the  signatures  were  signed  in  his  presence  and  are  genuine,  and 


18    VOTERS'  HANDBOOK  AND  CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

that  to  the  best  of  his  belief,  the  persons  signing  were  qualified 
voters  of  the  party  at  the  time. 

These  petitions  may  contain  the  names  of  two  or  more  candi- 
dates of  the  party  for  the  same  or  different  offices.  The  petitions 
shall  be  signed  for  a  State  office  by  not  less  than  1 ,000  or  more  than 
2,000  primary  electors;  for  a  congressional,  senatorial,  judicial, 
county,  city,  or  village  office,  or  for  a  Trustee  of  a  Sanitary  District, 
or  Clerk  of  an  Appellate  Court,  by  at  least  one-half  of  one  per  cent 
of  the  voters  in  the  district  or  political  subdivision  for  which  the 
office  is  sought;  for  State  Central  Committee  by  100  primary  elec- 
tors of  the  congressional  district;  for  senatorial  committee  by  ten 
of  the  electors  of  his  party  in  the  county,  and  if  a  district  is  wholly 
within  one  county,  or  partly  in  one  and  partly  in  another,  by  ten 
electors  within  the  district;  for  any  other  office,  the  petition  must 
be  signed  by  ten  electors  of  the  party  within  the  district. 

Petition  for  United  States  Senator.  The  candidate  for  United 
States  Senator  must  file  a  petition  with  the  Secretary  of  State  not 
less  than  thirty  days  before  the  April  primary,  signed  by  not  less 
than  3,000,  nor  more  than  5,000  primary  electors,  members  of  his 
party,  but  this  vote  is  to  be  taken  merely  to  ascertain  the  sentiment 
of  the  voters  of  the  respective  parties. 

Filing  Petitions.  Petitions  for  nomination  must  be  filed  as  fol- 
lows :  Where  the  nomination  is  for  State  officers  or  for  officers  of  any 
division  or  district  greater  than  a  county,  including  congressional, 
senatorial,  and  judicial,  also  State  Central  Committee,  the  petition 
shall  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  between  thirty  and 
sixty  days  prior  to  the  primary;  for  county  officers  or  senatorial 
committee,  the  petition  shall  be  filed  with  the  CourifyClerk  within 
the  same  period;  for  city,  village,  or  township  officers,  it  shall  be 
filed  with  the  Clerk  of  the  Municipality  not  more  than  thirty  nor  less 
than  fifteen  days  before  the  primary. 

Independent  Nominations.  Independent  candidates  may  be 
nominated  by  petition  as  the  laws  now  or  may  hereafter  permit. 

Qualifications:  Who  May  Vote  at  Primary.  In  order  to  vote  at 
a  primary  a  person  must  be  a  legally  qualified  voter  under  the  gen- 
eral election  laws,  must  have  declared  his  affiliation  with  the  party; 
and  in  districts  where  registration  is  required  in  order  to  vote  at  n 


PRIMARY  LAW  OF  1908  19 

regular  election,  only  registered  voters  can  vote  at  a  primary  unless 
the  votes  of  unregistered  voters  be  sworn  in.  No  one  can  vote  at 
a  primary  who  has  signed  a  petition  for  nomination  of  a  candidate 
of  another  party  when  such  candidate  is  to  be  voted  for  at  the  pri- 
mary, or  who  has  signed  the  petition  of  an  independent  candidate, 
or  who  has  voted  at  a  primar)'-  of  another  political  party  (other  than 
a  mere  city,  village,  or  town  party)  within  two  years. 

Judges  and  Clerks  of  Primary  Elections.  The  judges  of  the 
general  elections  for  a  precinct  must  serve  at  the  primary  elections. 
These  judges  select  three  qualified  electors  to  act  as  clerks  of  the 
primaries  except  that  in  cities  where  there  is  by  law  a  Board  of 
Election  Commissioners,  the  regular  election  clerks  act  as  clerks 
at  primary  elections. 

Challengers.  Two  challengers  and  an  alternate  for  each  chal- 
lenger for  each  precinct  may  be  appointed  in  writing  by  the  pre- 
cinct committeeman.  They  must  be  qualified  primary  electors 
in  their  respective  precincts.  At  the  first  primary,  challengers 
for  all  precincts  will  be  appointed  by  the  respective  county  central 
committees. 

Contests.  The  act  allows  and  regulates  contests  between  candi- 
dates for  nomination,  directs  primary  elections  to  be  held  in  all 
cases  of  special  elections  to  fill  vacancies,  it  re-enacts  the  provis- 
ions of  former  laws  for  the  punishment  of  frauds,  and  gives  penal- 
ties for  violation  of  its  provisions. 

The  Primary  Election  Laws  of  1889,  1899,  and  that  of  1898 
as  amended  in  1901  are  repealed,  as  well  as  all  other  laws  inconsis- 
tent with  the  law  of  1908. 


ELECTION   LAWS   IN   ILLINOIS 

There  are  two  general  classes  of  laws  governing  elections,  other 
than  primary  elections,  in  this  State. 

The  first  class  includes  (a)  an  act  entitled  "An  Act  in  regard 
to  Elections  and  to  Provide  for  Filling  Vacancies  in  Elective  Offices," 
approved  April  3,  1872,  and  the  many  additions  and  amendments 
made  to  this  law  since  that  date ;  (b )  An  Act  for  the  Registry  of 
Electors  and  to  prevent  Fraudulent  Voting,  approved  February 
16,  1865;  (c)  An  Act  to  Apportion  the  State  of  Illinois  into  Sena- 
torial Districts,  May  10,  1901;  (d)  An  Act  to  Apportion  the  State 
of  Illinois  into  twenty-five  Congressional  Districts,  approved 
May  13,  1901;  (e)  An  Act  to  Provide  for  Publication  of  all  Con- 
stitutional Amendments  or  other  Public  Measures  required  by  law 
to  be  voted  for,  approved  April  22,  1899. 

The  above  laws  apply  to  and  control  elections  in  the  entire 
State,  except  so  far  as  they  are  modified  or  superseded  by  the 
following : 

The  second  class  includes  (a)  An  Act  Regulating  the  Holding 
of  Elections  and  Declaring  the  Result  thereof  in  Cities,  Villages, 
and  Incorporated  Towns  in  this  State,  approved  June  19,  1885, 
as  amended  by  various  laws  adopted  since;  (b)  An  Act  approved 
March  3,  1887,  Regulating  the  Holding  of  Elections  for  town,  and 
school  purposes  where  the  Town  or  School  District  lies  wholly  or 
partly  within  any  City  or  Village  which  has  adopted  the  general 
city  election  laws  named. 

The  general  city  act  (a)  has  been  adopted  by  the  people  of 
the  cities  of  Chicago  and  East  St.  Louis,  and  the  town  of  Cicero, 
in  Cook  County,  and  within  their  territory  the  general  State  elec- 
tion laws  are  not  in  force  so  far  as  they  are  inconsistent  with  the 
general  city  election  law. 


ELECTION  LAWS  21 


WHAT  MAY  BE  SUBMITTED  TO  THE  VOTERS  FOR   DE- 
CISION  AT   ELECTIONS 

1.  The  selection  of  elective  officials  from  the  various  counties, 
and  other  political  divisions  duly  placed  in  nomination  for  office 
under  the  primary  and  election  laws  by  the  respective  political 
parties  or  by  action  independent  of  such  parties. 

2.  Questions  of  adoption  or  rejection  of  proposed  amend- 
ments to  the  Constitution  of  the  State,  or  other  propositions  or 
public  measures  required  by  law  to  be  voted  upon  before  adoption. 

3.  The  expression  of  the  opinion  or  desire  of  the  voters  upon 
any  question  of  public  policy  submitted  to  them  upon  petition  of 
ten  per  cent  of  the  registered  voters  in  the  State,  or  twenty-five  per 
cent  in  counties,  cities,  towns,  villages,  and  school  districts  as 
authorized  by  the  act  of  May  11,  1901. 

METHOD   PROVIDED    BY   LAW   FOR   THE   CONDUCT    OF 

ELECTIONS 

Election  Precincts.  The  State  is  divided  into  election  pre- 
cincts, each  containing  as  nearly  as  practicable  400  voters,  each 
voter  being  required  to  vote  within  the  precinct  of  his  residence. 
Each  town  constitutes  an  election  precinct  in  counties  under  town- 
ship organization,  but  the  town  may  be  divided  into  as  many  pre- 
cincts as  the  population  justifies  or  requires.  Each  school  district 
is  an  election  precinct  for  some  purposes. 

In  counties  under  township  organization  the  County  Board 
of  Supervisors  divides  the  county  into  election  precincts.  In 
counties  not  under  township  organization,  this  is  done  by  the  Board 
of  County  Commissioners. 

In  Cook  County,  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners  divides 
the  territory  outside  of  the  city  of  Chicago  and  town  of  Cicero  into 
election  precincts.  In  the  city  of  Chicago,  town  of  Cicero,  and 
other  cities  and  towns  adopting  the  city  election  law,  the  Board 
of  Election  Commissioners  divides  the  territory  into  election  pre- 
cincts, containing  300  voters,  as  nearly  as  practicable. 

Polling  Places.  There  must  be  a  polling  place  in  each  election 
precinct,  located  upon  the  ground  floor  in  the  front  room  of  a  build- 


22    VOTERS'  HANDBOOK  AND  CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

ing  with  an  entrance  from  the  public  street,  the  latter  being  at 
least  forty  feet  in  width,  and  the  polling  place  must  be  as  near 
the  center  of  population  of  the  election  precinct  as  practicable. 
No  election  shall  be  held  in  a  saloon,  billiard  hall,  bowling  alley,  or 
any  place  used  as  a  resort  by  idle  persons  or  those  of  ill  repute. 

Election  Judges  and  Clerks.  The  County  Board  appoints  three 
judges  of  election  in  each  election  precinct  to  see  that  the  laws  are 
strictly  followed  and  enforced.  Each  judge  must  be  a  person  of 
fair  character,  of  approved  integrity,  well  informed,  able  to  write 
and  speak  the  English  language,  and  must  be  an  elector  in  the 
precinct  and  have  resided  there  for  one  year  before  the  election. 
Not  more  than  two  persons  of  the  same  political  party  can  be  ap- 
pointed judges  in  the  same  precinct.  They  hold  office  for  one  year 
and  until  their  successors  are  appointed.  The  town  supervisor 
shall  be  appointed  one  of  the  judges  for  the  precinct  in  which  he 
resides. 

The  judges  of  election  so  chosen  may  each  choose  a  person  of 
the  same  qualifications  as  the  judges  to  act  as  clerk  of  election. 
The  judges  and  clerks  each  take  and  sign  an  oath  to  support  the 
Constitutions  of  the  United  States  and  the  State  of  Illinois,  to 
faithfully  discharge  their  duties,  that  they  have  resided  in  the 
precinct  one  year,  and  are  entitled  to  vote  at  that  election. 

Constables.  The  County  Board  may  appoint  one  or  more 
constables  to  attend  to  each  polling  place,  to  preserve  order.  The 
judges  of  election  may  appoint  a  suitable  person  to  act  as  special 
constable  during  the  election. 

Registry  of  Voters.  The  registry  law  requires  the  judges  of 
election  in  each  precinct  to  meet  on  Tuesday  three  weeks  before 
the  election  and  make  a  register  of  all  persons  qualified  to  vote  at 
the  next  election.  This  register  must  contain  the  names  of  all 
persons  entitled  to  vote,  alphabetically  arranged  in  one  column.  In 
another  column  the  residence  of  the  voter,  giving  the  number  of 
the  dwelling-house,  and  name  of  the  street,  if  in  a  city,  or  other 
locality  of  the  dwelling-place  of  the  person  if  not  in  a  city.  One 
cpy  of  this  register  is  filed  with  the  proper  city  or  village  officer, 
another  is  kept  by  the  judges  for  revision,  and  a  third  is  posted  in 
a  conspicuous  place  in  the  precinct. 


ELECTION   LAWS  23 

The  Board  meets  a  second  time  before  election  for  the  purpose 
of  revising,  correcting,  and  completing  the  registry.  When  cor- 
rected the  Board  makes  two  copies  of  the  same  and  files  one  in  the 
office  of  the  city  or  town  clerk,  and  the  other  is  used  by  the  judges 
of  election  on  election  day. 

No  registration  of  voters  is  required  for  town  elections. 

Conduct  of  Election.  The  County  Clerk  must  give  at  least 
thirty  days'  notice  of  any  general  election,  and  twenty  days'  notice 
of  any  special  election,  before  it  is  held.  Copies  of  this  notice  must 
be  posted  in  three  of  the  most  public  places  in  each  precinct.  On 
election  day  the  polling  place  must  be  open,  and  the  judges  and 
clerks  in  attendance  to  receive  votes  from  7:00  o'clock  A.  M.  to 
5:00  o'clock  P.  M.,  of  that  day. 

In  cities  of  Chicago  and  East  St.  Louis,  and  town  of  Cicero  in 
Cook  County,  which  have  adopted  the  "City  Election  Law,"  the 
polls  open  at  6:00  A.  M.,  and  close  at  4:00  P.  M.  Any  other  city 
or  village  in  counties  of  the  third  class,  viz.:  Cook  County, 
may  by  ordinance  filed  with  the  County  Clerk  adopt  the  same 
hours. 

Australian  System.  Balloting  at  general  elections  must  con- 
form to  what  is  called  the  "Australian  Ballot  Law,"  which  pro- 
vides a  system  modelled  upon  a  plan  said  to  have  been  first  used 
in  Australia.  The  purpose  of  the  law  is  to  enable  the  voter  to  cast 
his  ballot  secretly  so  that  no  one  save  himself  will  know  for  whom 
he  votes.  This  law  was  adopted  in  Illinois  in  1891,  has  been  up- 
held by  the  courts,  and  received  general  approval  from  the  electors. 
It  does  not  govern  elections  for  trustees  of  schools,  school  directors, 
members  of  boards  of  education,  or  officers  of  road  districts  in 
counties  not  under  township  organization.  _ 

Ballots.  Under  the  Australian  law  the  voting  must  be  by 
ballots  printed  and  distributed  at  the  public  expense.  For  all 
county  and  general  elections  therein  the  expense  is  borne  by  the 
county;  for  municipal  elections,  it  is  borne  by  the  municipality. 
The  names  of  all  candidates  to  be  voted  for  in  each  precinct  must 
be  printed  on  the  ballot  which  is  called  the  "Official  Ballot,"  and 
for  this  the  law  provides  in  detail  the  kind  of  paper,  and  the  size 
and  style  of  type  to  be  used,  as  well  as  its  form. 


24     VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND^  CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

As  nearly  as  practicable  the  ballot  shall  be  in  the  following  form: 
O   DEMOCRATIC.  O    REPUBLICAN. 

For  Governor  For  Governor 

□  JOHN  M.  PALMER.  □  JOSEPH  W.  FIFER. 

For  Lieutenant  Governor  For  Lieutenant  Governor 

□  ANDREW  J.  BELL.  Q  LYMAN  B.  RAY. 

For  Secretary  of  State  For  Secretary  of  State 

□  NEWELL  D.  RICKS.  □  I.  N.  PEARSON. 

[And  continuing  in  like  manner  as  to  all  candidates  to  be  voted 
for  at  such  election.] 

If  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution,  or  other  public  measure, 
has  been  proposed  to  be  voted  on  at  the  election,  a  separate  ballot 
must  be  provided,  in  form  like  the  following: 


Proposed  amendment  to  the  Constitution  (or  other  measure) 


(Here  print  the  substance  of  the  amendment  or  other  measure) 


Yes. 


No. 


The  elector  shall  designate  his  vote  by  a  cross  mark,  thus:  X. 

The  said  separate  ballot  shall  be  printed  on  paper  of  sufficient 
size  so  that  when  folded  once  it  shall  be  large  enough  to  contain  the 
following  words,  which  shall  be  printed  on  the  back:  "Ballot  for 
Constitutional  Amendment,"  or  the  name  of  any  and  all  public  meas- 
ures then  to  be  voted  on. 

By  the  original  Australian  ballot  law  of  this  State,  the  name  of 
no  candidate  could  be  printed  on  the  Official  Ballot  unless  his  nom- 
ination was  made  and  certified  as  required  by  that  law,  which 
allowed  the  delegates  in  convention,  or  a  caucus  or  meeting  repre- 
senting any  political  party  which  had  cast  at  least  two  per  cent  of 
the  entire  votes  cast  at  the  last  general  election  in  the  electoral 
division  or  district  for  which  the  nomination  was  to  be  made,  to 
make  one  nomination  for  each  office.  A  sworn  certificate  of  all 
such  nominations  to  be  filed  containing  the  names  of  the  candidate, 
the  office  for  which  each  was  nominated,  the  party  they  represented, 
and  their  places  of  residence  with  the  street  and  number. 


ELECTION  LAWS  25 

The  certificates  of  nomination  were  to  be  filed  with  the  Secretary 
of  State  as  to  State  offices  or  offices  for  a  district  greater  than  a 
county;  with  the  City  Clerk  for  city  offices  in  cities  of  over  500,000 
population;  and  all  other  certificates  with  the  County  Clerk;  the 
same  to  be  filed  in  each  case  thirty  days  before  the  day  of  election, 
but  the  certificates  of  nomination  for  candidates  for  offices  in  other 
cities  and  in  villages  and  towns  and  for  town  officers  in  counties 
under  township  organization  were  to  be  filed  with  the  clerks  of  the 
respective  cities,  villages,  or  towns  fifteen  days  before  election. 

Under  the  Primary  Law  of  1908  (see  page  14,)  these  nomina- 
tions for  candidates  (except  for  electors  of  the  President  and 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States  and  Trustees  of  the  University 
of  Illinois,  and  township  and  school  officers),  are  made  by  the 
people  direct  at  the  primary,  and  the  candidates  so  selected  must  go 
on  the  Official  Ballot  for  the  general  election,  together  with  candi- 
dates nominated  in  the  usual  way  for  offices  exempt  from  the  primary 
law  above  mentioned,  and  independent  candidates  nominated  by 
petition.  The  certificates  of  election  of  the  various  canvassing 
boards  under  the  primary  law  take  the  place  of  the  certificates  of 
nomination  formerly  issued  by  the  officers  of  the  conventions, 
caucuses,  or  meetings. 

The  Australian  law  (as  amended  in  1905)  also  provides  that 
independent  candidates  for  any  office  can  have  their  names  printed 
on  the  Official  Ballot  for  the  general  election  upon  petition  signed 
and  filed  as  follows: 

For  a  State  office  signed  by  1 ,000  qualified  voters, 

For  any  office  within  a  district  or  division  less  than  a  State  and 
in  cities  having  over  5,000  population,  petition  to  be  signed  by 
one  qualified  voter  out  of  each  fifty  who  voted  at  the  next 
preceding  general  election  in  such  district,  but  in  no  case  less 
than  twenty-five, 

For  offices  in  other  cities  and  in  any  town,  village,  precinct  or 
ward,  petition  to  be  signed  by  five  per  cent  of  the  vote  cast 
therein  at  the  last  preceding  election. 

The  petition  is  required  to  specify  the  office  to  which  the  party 
was  nominated,  the  party  or  political  principle  he  represents,  and 
his  place  of  residence  with  the  street  and  number  if  any.     Each 


26     VOTERS'   HANDBOOK  AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

signer  must  add  his  place  of  residence  to  his  signature  and  is  for- 
bidden to  sign  for  more  than  one  nomination  for  each  office. 

The  petition  must  consist  of  sheets  of  uniform  size,  each  sheet 
to  be  signed  by  an  adult  resident  of  the  district  for  which  the  candi- 
date is  nominated,  certifying  under  oath  that  the  signatures  on  that 
sheet  were  signed  in  his  presence  and  were  genuine:  the  sheets  to 
be  fastened  together  in  book  form  and  numbered  consecutively. 
No  person  who  has  voted  at  a  primary  to  nominate  candidates  for 
any  office  at  any  certain  election  is  qualified  to, sign  the  petition 
for  a  candidate  for  the  same  office  to  be  voted  on  at  the  same  elec- 
tion. The  petitions  for  nomination  are  to  be  filed  at  the  same  place 
and  within  the  same  period  before  election  as  the  certificates  of 
nomination  by  convention  or  caucus  above  noted.  This  is  the  law 
controlling  the  nomination  of  independent  candidates  by  petition 
now  (1908)  because  in  section  64  of  the  Primary  Law  of  1908,  the 
right  to  nominate  independent  candidates  "  by  petition  as  is  now 
or  may  hereafter  be  provided  by  law  "  is  expressly  preserved. 

Voting  on  Election  Day.  The  voter  attends  the  polling  place, 
gives  his  name  and  residence  to  the  judges,  one  of  whom  there- 
upon announces  it  in  a  distinct  voice  and  if  the  name  is  found  on 
the  register,  the  voter  is  given  one  ballot  on  the  back  of  which 
one  of  the  judges  endorses  his  initials.  If  the  voter's  name  is  not 
found  he  can  not  vote  unless  he  furnishes  his  affidavit  in  writing 
showing  he  is  entitled  to  vote  and  prove  the  fact  further  by  the 
oath  of  a  householder  and  registered  voter  of  the  election  precinct. 
These  oaths  can  be  administered  by  the  judges  and  must  be  presented 
to  them  and  they  are  judges  of  the  sufficiency  of  the  affidavit  and 
of  the  right  of  such  an  applicant  to  vote.  This  is  what  is  referred 
to  as  "  swearing  in  a  vote."  In  cities  adopting  the  "  City  Elec- 
tion Law  "  no  one  can  vote  unless  registered.  A  vote  can  not  be 
sworn  in  on  election  day  under  that  law. 

The  voter  retires  with  his  ballot  to  one  of  the  voting  booths  pre- 
pared at  the  polling  place  as  required  by  law,  and  shows  his  choice 
of  a  candidate  for  each  office  by  marking  a  cross  in  the  proper 
square  or  place  opposite  the  name  of  the  candidate  chosen  by  him 
for  each  office  to  be  filled,  or  by  writing  in  the  name  of  the  candidate 
of  his  choice  in  a  blank  space  on  the  ticket,  making  a  cross  (X) 


ELECTION  LAWS  27 

opposite  thereto  if  the  name  of  the  candidate  is  not  printed.  In 
like  manner  on  the  ballot  relating  to  public  questions  or  constitu- 
tional amendment,  he  writes  in  the  appropriate  square,  or  places  a 
cross  opposite  the  answer  he  desires  to  give  on  the  question.  Should 
the  voter  desire  to  vote  for  all  the  candidates  of  any  one  political 
party,  he  may  place  his  mark  or  cross  in  the  circular  space  opposite 
the  name  of  such  party  at  the  head  of  the  ballot.  When  the  ballot 
is  properly  marked  as  the  voter  desires,  he  must  fold  it  up  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  conceal  the  marks  he  has  made.  Then  leaving  the 
booth  he  gives  the  ballot  to  the  judge  in  charge  of  the  ballot-box 
who  puts  it  in  the  box.  The  ballot-box  is  furnished  by  the  County 
Board  to  the  judges  who  keep  the  key.  Each  box  has  an  opening 
in  the  lid  only  large  enough  to  admit  a  single  folded  ballot,  and  each 
ballot  voted  must  be  put  in  the  box  through  that  opening.  The 
County  Clerk  provides  at  the  expense  of  the  county  proper  blanks 
for  each  precinct,  but  in  cities  adopting  the  City  Election  Law  the 
Election  Commissioners  furnish  the  blanks. 

The  judges  at  the  opening  of  the  polls  on  election  day  should 
open  and  exhibit  publicly  the  ballot-box  as  an  assurance  that  there 
are  no  ballots  inside,  lock  it  and  retain  the  key,  not  opening  the 
same  until  after  the  closing  of  the  polls.  As  the  votes  are  cast 
each  clerk  is  required  to  keep  a  poll  list  of  the  names  of  each  person 
voting,  in  regular  order. 

Counting  the  Votes  and  Certifying  the  Results.  The  judges 
canvass  the  votes  at  the  closing  of  the  polls,  the  clerks  keeping 
records  of  the  number  of  votes  received  by  each  candidate  and 
making  a  certificate  of  the  result  as  to  each  candidate,  which  the 
judges  of  the  election  sign  in  triplicate;  one  being  given  to  the 
County  Clerk,  one  sent  by  mail  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  the 
other  delivered  to  the  Town  Clerk  in  counties  under  township  organ- 
ization, but  is  retained  by  one  of  the  judges  in  counties  not  under 
township  organization. 

Canvassing  the  Vote.  The  County  Clerk  of  each  county  with 
the  assistance  of  two  Justices  of  the  Peace  of  that  county  act  as  a 
canvassing  board  and  within  seven  days  after  the  election,  this 
board  must  proceed  to  open  the  returns,  make  abstracts  of  the 
votes  for  each  candidate,  and. the  County  Clerk  must  issue  certifi- 


28    VOTERS'  HANDBOOK  AND  CITIZENS'    MANUAL 

cates  of  election  to  the  different  candidates  having  the  highest 
number  of  votes  for  the  several  county  offices.  The  County  Clerk 
must  send  a  complete  abstract  of  the  votes  for  candidates  for  State 
officers  to  the  Secretary  of  State  to  be  canvassed  by  the  State 
Canvassing  Board,  consisting  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  Auditor  of 
Public  Accounts,  State  Treasurer,  and  Attorney-General,  who  in 
the  presence  of  the  Governor,  must  proceed  within  twenty  days 
after  the  election  and  sooner  if  all  the  returns  are  received,  to  canvass 
the  votes  for  members  of  Congress  and  all  State  officers,  and  declare 
the  persons  having  the  highest  number  of  votes  for  the  respective 
offices  to  be  elected.  If  the  candidates  for  the  same  office  have 
an  equal  number  of  votes,  the  Secretary  of  State  decides  by  lot 
which  are  elected.  The  Governor  gives  the  certificate  of  election 
or  commission  to  each  person  elected  and  makes  proclamation  of 
the  result  of  the  canvass  of  the  vote  cast  upon  amendments  to  the 
Constitution  or  public  question  submitted. 


CITY   ELECTION   LAW 

MANNER  OF  CONDUCTING  ELECTIONS  IN  CITIES,  VILLAGES 
AND  INCORPORATED  TOWNS 

In  cities  which  have  adopted  the  general  city  election  law, 
there  is  a  Board  of  Election  Commissioners  created,  consisting  of 
three  members  who  are  appointed  by  the  County  Court.  Two 
members  of  this  Board  at  least  must  always  be  selected  from  the 
two  leading  political  parties  of  the  State,  one  from  each  of  them, 
and  they  must  all  be  qualified  voters  and  householders,  residing  in 
the  city,  of  known  political  convictions,  of  integrity,  and  capacity. 
They  choose  one  of  their  number  as  chairman  and  another  as  sec- 
retary. They  must  maintain  a  suitable  office  for  their  business  and 
keep  it  open  every  day  during  business  hours,  except  holidays 
and  Sundays.  The  Board  of  Election  Commissioners  in  such  cities 
divides  the  territory  into  election  precincts,  each  of  which  contains 
as  nearly  as  practicable  not  more  than  three  hundred  voters.  The 
Board  also  selects  three  judges  of  election  for  each  precinct  from 
the  electors  in  the  precinct  to  be  chosen  at  least  60  days  before 
the  election. 

The  judges  of  election  must  be  citizens  of  the  United  States,  legal 
voters  of  good  character  and  repute,  and  be  able  to  speak,  read,  and 
write  the  English  language,  and  be  familiar  with  the  arithmetical 
rules  of  addition,  subtraction,  multiplication,  and  division.  The 
Board  also  selects  two  clerks  for  each  precinct  having  the  same 
qualifications  as  the  judges.  The  appointment  of  the  judges  and 
clerks  so  chosen  is  subject  to  confirmation  by  the  County  Court.  The 
Board  fixes  the  place  of  registry  and  the  polling  place  in  each  pre- 
cinct, and  gives  notice  thereof  and  is  responsible  for  the  fitness  and 
proper  condition  of  these  places,  and  for  the  conduct  of  the  elections. 

Registration  of  Voters.  In  the  city  this  is  more  carefully 
governed  than  in  other  districts.  A  special  book  of  registry  is  pro- 
vided and  the  voter  must  appear  before  the  board  in  person  and 
submit  to  examination  as  to  his  qualifications,  at  one  of  the  two 
meetings  of  the  Board  for  registration  purposes.     The  first  is  held 

29 


30    VOTERS'  HANDBOOK  AXD   CITIZEXS'   MANUAL 

the  Saturday  next  before  the  Tuesday  four  weeks  before  election, 
and  the  second  on  the  Tuesday  three  weeks  before  election.  After 
the  second  day  of  registration,  the  clerks  must  call  at  each  dwelling- 
house  and  verify  the  residence  of  the  voter  as  registered  and  notify 
all  those  whose  address  is  incorrectly  given.  The  voter  so  notified 
must  appear  before  the  election  officers  of  the  precinct  on  the 
Saturday  following  and  explain,  or  his  name  is  erased  from  the 
register.  The  election  officers  in  each  precinct  hold  a  third  meeting 
on  the  Saturday  following  the  last  day  of  registration.  Under 
this  law  the  voter  must  be  registered  or  he  cannot  vote.  A  new 
general  registration  must  be  made  in  every  year  of  a  Congressional 
election  in  the  same  manner. 

At  every  election  between  the  general  registrations,  the  registry 
list  is  revised  on  the  Tuesday  three  weeks  before  election  day  at 
which  time  additional  names  may  be  added  to  the  list. 

Hours  of  Voting.  The  polls  are  open  from  six  o'clock  A.  M. 
until  four  o'clock  P.  M.  in  Chicago  and  East  St.  Louis  and  in  al 
villages,  towns,  and  cities  in  Cook  County  where  they  have  adopted 
these  hours  by  ordinance,  during  which  time  no  judge  or  clerk  can 
be  absent  for  more  than  five  minutes  at  a  time.  When  the  polls  are 
closed  the  votes  must  be  canvassed  by  the  judges,  who  can  not 
adjourn  or  postpone  the  canvass  until  it  has  been  completed. 
Their  statements  or  certificates  of  the  result  in  duplicate  must  be 
enclosed  in  envelopes  and  sealed  up,  one  directed  to  the  County  Clerk 
and  one  to  the  City  Comptroller,  placed  in  the  ballot-box  which  is 
locked  and  sealed  and  delivered  by  one  of  the  judges  to  the  Election 
Commissioners,  who  with  the  County  Judge  and  City  Attorney  act 
as  a  canvassing  board  and  within  seven  days  open  all  returns  and 
make  abstracts  or  statements  of  the  results  and  declare  the  same, 
which  become  a  matter  of  record  in  the  County  Court.  The  certi- 
ficates of  election  as  to  all  county,  town,  and  city  officers  are  issued 
by  the  County  Clerk,  who  also  transmits  the  abstracts  or  statements 
of  the  Board  of  Canvassers  as  to  votes  cast  for  State,  Congressional, 
Senatorial,  Judicial,  and  County  officers  and  Electors  to  the  Sec- 
retary of  State  and  these  are  used  in  determining  the  results  of  the 
election  as  to  all  State  officers,  Congressional,  Senatorial,  Judicial, 
and  County  officers,  and  Presidential  Electors. 


LIST  OF  COUNTIES   IN   ILLINOIS 

SHOWING  THE   ORIGIN    OF   NAME,    COUNTY   SEAT   AND 
POPULATION   IN   1900. 

The  seventeen  counties  marked  *  are  not  under  township  organization. 
The  other  85  have  adopted  township  organization. 


Counties. 


Origin  of  Name. 


Estab'd     County  Seat.    Pop.  1900 


Adams 

*  Alexander.  . 

Bond 

Boone 

Brown 

Bureau 

*Calhoun .... 

Carroll 

*Cass.. ...... 

Champaign  . 

Christian.  .  . 

Clark 

Clay 

Clinton 

Coles 

Cook 

Crawford.  .  . 

Cumberland 

DeKalb 

DeWitt  ... 

Douglas .... 

DuPage ... 

Edgar 

*Edwards  .  .  . 

Effingham.  . 

Fayette 

Ford 

Franklin.. .  . 

Fulton 

Gallatin .  .  . 

Greene 

Grundy    .  . . 

Hamilton. .  . 

Hancock  .  .  . 
*Hardin 

Henderson. . 

Henry 

Iroquois.  .  .  . 

Jackson. . . . 

Jasper 

Jefferson  .  .  . 

Jersey 

Jo  Daviess. . 
*Johnson.  .  .  . 


John  Quincy  Adams 

William  M.  Alexander , 

Gov.  Shadrach  Bond 

Daniel  Boone 

Gen.  Jacob  Brown 

Pierre  de  Buero,  Ind.  trader 

John  C.  Calhoun 

Chas.  Carroll,  of  Carrollton  . 

Gen.  Lewis  Cass 

C  county  in  Ohio 

A  county  in  Kentucky 

George  Rogers  Clark 

Henry  Clay 

DeWitt  Clinton 

Gov.  Edward  Coles 

Daniel  P.  Cook 

William  H.  Crawford 

Cumberland  Road 

Baron  DeKalb 

DeWitt  Clinton 

Stephen  A.  Douglas 

DuPage  river 

John  Edgar 

Gov.  Ninian  Edwards 

Gen.  Edward  Effingham  .  .  . 

Marquis  de  La  Fayette 

Gov.  Thomas  Ford 

Benjamin  Franklin 

Robert  Fulton 

Albert  Gallatin 

(lea.  Nathaniel  Greene 

Felix  Grundy 

Alexander  Hamilton 

John  Hancock 

A  county  in  Kentucky 

Henderson  river 

Patrick  Henry 

Indian  name 

Andrew  Jackson 

Sergt.  William  Jasper 

Thomas  Jefferson 

New  Jersey 

Col.  Jo  Daviess 

Col. Richard  M.  Johnson..  .  . 


Jan. 

Mar. 

Jan. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Dec. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Nov. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Sep. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Mar. 

Jan. 

Jan.* 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Sept. 


1825 

1819 

1817 

1837 

1839 

1837 

1825 

1839 

1837 

1833 

1839 

1819 

1*24 

1824 

1830 

1831 

1816 

1843 

183 

1839 

1859 

1839 

1823 

1814 

1S31 

1821 

1859 

1818 

1823 

1812 

1821 

1841 

1821 

1825 

1839 

1841 

1825 

1S33 

1816 

1831 

1819 

1839 

182 

1812 


Quincy 

Cairo. 

Greenville.  .  . . 

Belvidere 

Mt.- Sterling.  . 
Princeton.  .  .  . 

Hardin 

Mt.  Carroll..  . 

Virginia 

Urbana 

Taylorville.  .  . 

Marshall 

Louisville.  .  .  . 

Carlyle 

Charleston. .  . . 

Chicago 

Robinson 

Toledo 

Sycamore.  .  .  . 

Clinton 

Tuscola 

Wheaton 

Paris 

Albion 

Effingham..  .  . 

Vandalia 

Paxton 

Benton 

Lewistown.  .  . 
Shawneetown 
Carrolton 

Morris 

McLeansboro 

Carthage 

Elizabethto'n 

Oquawka 

Cambridge .  .  . 

Watseka 

Murphysboro 

Newton 

Mt.  Vernon.. . 
Jerseyville. . . . 

Galena 

Vienna 


67,058 
19,384 
16,078 
15,791 
11,557 
41,112 
8,917 
18,963 
17,222 
47,622 
32,790 
24,033 
19,553 
19,824 
34,146 
,838,735 
19,240 
16,124 
31,756 
18,972 
19,097 
28,196 
28,273 
10,345 
20,465 
28,065 
1S.359 
19,675 
46,201 
15,836 
23,402 
24,136 
20,197 
32,215 
7,448 
10,836 
40,049 
38,014 
33,871 
20,160 
28,133 
14,612 
24,533 
15,667 


31 


32     VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 


Counties. 


Origin  of  Name. 


Estab'd     County  Seat.   Pop.  1900 


Kane 

Kankakee.. . 

Kendall.  .  .  . 

Knox 

Lake 

LaSalle 

Lawrence. .  . 

Lee 

Livingston. . 

Logan  

Macon..  .  .  .  . 

Macoupin..  . 

Madison 

Marion 

Marshall. .  .  . 

Mason 

*Massac 

McDonough 

McHenry.  .  . 

McLean.  .  .  . 
*Menard 

Mercer 

*Monroe 

Montgomery 
*Morgan 

Moultrie. .  .  . 

Ogle; 

Peoria 

*Perrv 

Piatt 

Pike 

*Pope 

*  Pulaski 

Putnam.  .  .  . 

*Randolph. .  . 

Richland .  .  . 

Rock  Island 

Saline 

Sangamon.  . 

Schuvler. . .  . 
*Scott 

Shelby 

Stark 

St.  Clair.... 

Stephenson. 

Tazewell. .  .  . 
*Union.. 

Vermilion. .  . 

*  Wabash.  .  .  . 
Warren  .  .  .  . 
Washington 

Wayne 

White. .  .  .  .  . 

Whiteside  .  . 

Will 

Williamson 
Winnebago 
Woodford  .  . 


Senator  Elias  K.  Kane 

Indian  name 

Amos  Kendall 

Gen.  Henry  Knox 

Lake  Michigan 

LaSalle,  the  explorer 

Com.  James  Lawrence 

Richard  Henry  Lee 

Edward  Livingston 

Dr.  John  Logan 

Nathaniel  Macon 

Indian  name 

James  Madison 

Gen.  Francis  Marion 

John  Marshall 

A  county  in  Kentucky 

Fort  Massac 

Com.  Thomas  McDonough... 

Gen.  William  McHenry 

John  McLean 

Pierre  Menard 

Gen.  Hugh  Mercer   

James  Monroe 

Gen.  Richard  Montgomery  .  . 

Gen.  Daniel  Morgan. 

Gen.  William  Moultrie 

Lieut.  Joseph  Ogle 

Indian  name 

Com.  Oliver  H.  Perry 

Benjamin  Piatt 

Zebulon  M.  Pike 

Nathaniel  Pope 

Count  Casimir  Pulaski 

Gen.  Israel  Putnam 

Edmund  Randolph 

A  county  in  Ohio 

Island  of  same  name 

Saline  creek 

Indian  name 

Gen.  Philip  Schuyler 

A  county  in  Kentucky 

Gov.  Isaac  Shelby 

Gen.  John  Stark 

Gen.  Arthur  St.  Clair 

Col.Benjamin  Stephenson.  . 
Gov.  Lyttleton  W.  Tazewell 

The  Enion 

Vermilion  river 

Indian  name 

Gen.  Joseph  Warren 

George  Washington 

Gen.  Anthony  Wayne 

Capt.  Leonard  White 

Col.  Samuel  Whiteside 

Conrad  Will 

A  county  in  Tennessee 

Indian  name.  . 

A  county  in  Kentucky 


Jan. 
Feb. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Mar. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Sept. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Dec. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Mar. 

Jan. 

Oct. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Mar. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Mar. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Feb. 


836 

853 
S41 
825 
839 
831 
821 

S3? 

839 

S29 

829 

812 

823 

839 

S41 

S43 

826 

836 

830 

839 

825 

816 

821 

S23 

S43 

836 

825 

827 

841 

821 

816 

843 

S25 

795 

S41 

831 

847 

821 

825 

839 

S2 

839 

790 

83 

82 

818 

S26 

824 

825 

818 

819 

815 

S36 

S36 

S39 

836 

S41 


Geneva 

Kankakee.  .  .  . 

Yorkville 

Galesburir  .  . 
Waukegan. .  .  . 

Ottawa 

Lawrenceville 

Dixon 

Pontiac 

Lincoln 

Decatur 

Carlinville.  .  .  . 
Edwardsville . 

Salem 

Lacon 

Havana 

Metropolis..  . . 

Macomb 

Woodstock.  .  . 
Bloomington 
Petersburg.  .  . 

Aledo 

Waterloo    .  .  . 

Hillsboro 

Jacksonville.  . 

Sullivan 

Oregon 

Peoria 

Pinckneyville 
Monticello. .  .  . 

Pittsfield 

Golconda 

Mound  City .  . 
Hennepin.  .  .  . 

Chester 

Olney 

Rock  Island  . 
Harrisburg.  .  . 
Springfield.  .  . 

Rushville 

Winchester  .  . 
Shelby  ville.  .  . 

Toulon 

Belleville 

Freeport 

Pekin 

Jonesboro.  .  .  . 

Danville 

Mt  Carmel . .  . 
Monmouth .  .  . 
Nashville.  .  .  . 

Fairfield 

Carmi 

Morrison 

Joliet 

Marion 

Rockord 

Eureka 


78,792 

37,154 
11.467 
43,612 
34,503 
S7.776 
16,523 
29,894 
42,035 
2S.6S0 
44,003 
42.256 
64,694 
30,446 
16,370 
17,491 
13,110 
28,412 
29,759 
67,843 
14,336 
20,945 
13,847 
30,836 
35,006 
15,224 
29.129 
88,608 
19,830 
17,706 
31,595 
13,585 
14.554 
4,746 
28,001 
16,391 
55.249 
21,685 
71.593 
16,129 
10.455 
32,126 
10,180 
86,685 
31.2SS 
33.221 
22,610 
65,635 
12,583 
23,163 
19,526 
27.626 
25,386 
34,710 
74.764 
27.796 
47,845 
21,822 


MAP  OF 

ILLINOIS 

SHOWING 
PRESENT 

COUNTY  BOUNDARIES 

AND 

DATE  OF  ORGANIZATION 

OF  EACH  COUNTY 

1905. 


TOWNSHIP    AND   COUNTY    GOVERNMENT 

The  expression  used  by  President  Lincoln  at  Gettysburg,  that 
this  is  a  government  of  the  people,  by  the  people,  and  for  the  peo- 
ple, is  the  briefest  and  best  possible  description  of  the  government 
of  the  people,  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  which  is  more  often  referred 
to  as  a  government  based  upon  the  principle  of  local  self-govern- 
ment . 

Local  self-government  in  this  country  at  a  very  early  date  took 
on  two  principal  forms  which  with  some  changes  have  continued 
in  nearly  all  the  States  to  the  present  time.  These  two  forms  are 
what  is  called  "town  government,"  and  "county  government." 
The  county  is  of  early  English  origin  dating  before  the  English  mon- 
archy. It  was  introduced  into  Virginia  and  other  southern  colonies 
on  the  Atlantic  Coast  under  special  charters  or  grants  of  lands  therein 
by  the  English'  monarch  to  those  who  settled  that  region. 

At  the  time  of  the  Revolution  and  of  the  formation  of  the  United 
States,  Illinois  was  part  of  what  was  then  called  the  "  Northwest 
Territory,"  and  belonged  to  the  Virginia  colony.  The  southern 
portion  of  Illinois  having  been  settled  in  the  early  days  mainly  by 
colonists  coming  from  the  south  and  east  of  the  Ohio  River,  the 
county  form  of  government  used  in  Virginia  was  very  naturally 
adopted  as  the  unit  of  local  government  in  that  part  of  Illinois. 

The  town  government  was  introduced  by  the  New  England 
colonists,  the  name  being  derived  from  a  very  common  English  word, 
but  the  method  or  system  of  town  government  arose  in  this  country 
from  the  exigencies  of  the  situation  in  which  the  colonists  found 
themselves.  The  town  government  had  its  foundation  in  the  church, 
and  school  life.  The  people  governed  directly  through  the  town 
meetings  in  which  each  citizen  voted,  and  took  part,  and  in  which 
taxes  were  levied,  and  officials  were  appointed  to  carry  out  the  will 
of  the  people.  Northern  and  central  Illinois  was  largely  settled  by 
descendants  of  the  New  England  colonists  who  brought  to  this  State 
and  perpetuated  here  the  principle  of  town  government. 

The  local  government  in  Virginia  counties  aside  from  matters 

34 


TOWNSHIP  AND  COUNTY  GOVERNMENT  35 

relating  to  the  church  was  carried  on,  by  county  officers  originally 
appointed  by  the  Governor  of  the  colony,  who  held  his  office  and 
powers  from  the  crown,  and  later  they  were  appointed  by  their 
associates,  from  which  it  will  be  seen  that  the  people  as  a  whole  in 
those  counties  did  not  have  direct  or  local  self-government  in  the 
true  sense. 

These  two  systems  of  town  and  county  government  existed  in 
Illinois  at  the  time  of  its  admission  as  a  State,  and  the  adoption  of  the 
first  Constitution  April  18,  1818.  This  Constitution  recognized  only 
the  county  as  the  unit  for  local  government,  and  made  no  mention 
of  cities  or  other  municipalities,  but  the  natural  rivalry  between 
the  southern  and  northern  ideas  upon  the  subject  of  local  govern- 
ment continued,  and  was  greatly  affected  by  the  system  of  land  sur- 
veys provided  for  by  the  Federal  government  for  lands  in  Illinois 
and  other  western  states,  by  which  the  public  lands  were  divided 
into  tracts  containing  thirty-six  sections  or  square  miles  called 
townships,  a  name  no  doubt  drawn  from  the  New  England  town  and 
used  only  for  the  purpose  of  describing  lands  as  a  part  of  the  gov- 
ernment subdivisions.  In  Illinois,  one  section  (No.  16)  in  each 
township  was  expressly  granted  to  the  State  to  be  used  for  the  sup- 
port of  schools  in  the  township  by  the  act  enabling  the  formation 
of  the  State. 

The  rivalry  between  these  two  forms  of  local  government  caused 
the  Constitution  of  1848  to  recognize  both  systems,  and  preserve 
both  the  county  and  town  systems  of  local  government.  It  directed 
that  the  legislature  should  pass  laws  allowing  any  county  to  organ- 
ize into  townships  when  a  majority  of  the  voters  desired.  Under 
that  Constitution  and  the  laws  subsequently  adopted,  the  northern 
counties  organized  under  the  township  plan  adopting  that  form  of 
local  government.  The  value  and  fitness  of  the  township  organi- 
zation and  government  has  been  shown  by  its  adoption  by  even 
the  larger  part  of  the  southern  counties  since  that  time,  and  at 
present  while  there  are  102  counties  in  this  State,  but  17  retain  the 
old  county  organization,  85  having  adopted  the  township  form. 

The  above  will  explain  what  is  meant  in  this  Handbook  and  in 
the  laws  of  the  State  by  the  expressions  "counties  not  having 
township  organization,"  and  "counties  having  township  organiza- 


36     VOTERS1   HAXDBOOK   AXD   CITIZEXS'   MAXUAL 

tion,"  the  ancient  forms  of  government  being  plainly  visible  in  each 
but  changed  to  meet  modern' conditions. 

The  officials  of  counties  having  no  township  organization  are 
elected  by  the  people,  but  as  these  officials  act  for  them,  the  people 
have  no  such  direct  voice  in  local  affairs  or  business  as  is  reserved 
to  the  people  of  the  townships  in  counties  having  township  organ- 
ization. 

Since  the  admission  of  the  State  into  the  Union  in  1818,  an- 
other form  of  local  self-government  has  arisen  and  is  now  very 
generally  adopted,  that  of  cities,  villages,  and  incorporated  towns. 
In  the  early  history  of  the  State,  these  municipalities,  so-called, 
were  often  created  by  special  acts  of  the  legislature,  but  general 
laws  for  their  formation  and  control  were  authorized  by  the  Con- 
stitution of  1870,  by  which  special  charters  for  such  local  govern- 
ment bodies  were  forbidden,  and  the  legislature  directed  to  adopt 
general  laws  governing  that  subject.  Such  a  law  was  adopted  in 
1872.  These  municipalities  are  not  governed  directly  by  the  people, 
but  by  officials  elected  by  the  people  under  the  grant  by  the  legis- 
lature, of  the  powers  of  self-government  specified  in  the  general  law. 
(See  page  47  of  this  Handbook  further  as  to  cities.) 

There  is  one  principle  common  to  all  these  systems  of  local  gov- 
ernment, however,  and  that  is  the  division  of  the  powers  of  govern- 
ment into  three  departments,  viz.:  Legislative,  Executive,  and 
Judicial,  as  in  the  State  and  Federal  governments  under  their 
respective  Constitutions.  In  the  town,  the  town  meeting  is  the 
legislative  branch,  the  Supervisor,  Town  Clerk,  Collector,  etc.,  the 
executive,  and  the  Justices  of  the  Peace,  the  judicial.  From  this 
the  reader  will  readily  recognize  the  same  division  in  the  government 
of  the  city,  village,  and  incorporated  town. 


LIST  OF  ELECTIVE  OFFICERS 
VOTED  FOR  IN  ILLINOIS 

QUALIFICATIONS     REQUIRED,     WHEN     THEY    ARE 
ELECTED,   AND  THEIR   DUTIES 


TOWNSHIP    OFFICERS 
# 

Except  in  towns  in  cities  of  over  50,000  pop.)     (Chicago  and  Peoria.) 

All  the  counties  are  divided  into  three  classes  according  to  popu- 
lation, for  the  purpose  of  fixing  fees  and  salaries  of  county  and 
township  officers,  viz.: 

1st  class,  having  not  to  exceed  25,000  population. 

2d  class,  having  more  than  25,000  and  not  over  100,000  popu- 
lation. 

3d  class,  having  over  100,000  population,  (includes  Cook  County, 
which  is  the  only  county  of  this  class). 

Highway  Commissioner.  Holds  office  three  years.  There  are 
three  in  each  town  (except  in  towns  wholly  in  cities  of  over 
50,000  population.  Office  abolished  in  those  towns).  Com- 
pensation provided  by  lawr,  $2.00  per  day  for  each  day 
necessarily  employed  in  their  duties. 

Qualifications.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  any  town  office 
unless  he  shall  be  a  legal  voter,  and  have  been  one  year  a 
resident  of  such  town. 

Election.  In  counties  under  township  organization,  there 
shall  be  elected  in  each  town,  at  the  annual  town  meeting  each 
year,  one  commissioner  of  highways,  who  shall  hold  his  office 
three  years. 

Duties.  To  lay  out,  alter,  widen,  or  vacate  roads  in,  and  have 
charge  of  the  roads  and  bridges  of,  their  respective  towns, 
and  keep  same  in  repair  and  improve  them  so  far  as  practic- 

37 


38    VOTERS'  HANDBOOK  AND  CITIZENS7  MANUAL 

able,  and  prosecute  suits  for  all  fines  and  penalties  arising 
under  "Roads  and  Bridges"  laws. 

They  may  enter  upon  lands  of  others,  doing  no  unneces- 
sary damage,  and  take  material  needed  to  construct  or  repair 
roads,  after  offering  or  making  payment  of  damages  agreed 
upon.  If  parties  cannot  agree  on  damage  or  value,  the  com- 
missioners may  have  value  fixed  by  condemnation  suit. 
Pound  Master.  Holds  office  for  one  year.  Is  paid  by  fees  and 
charges  fixed  by  Highway  Commissioners,  who  in  case  of 
a  vacancy  may  fill  this  office  by  appointment  until  the 
next  annual  town  election. 

Qualifications.  He  must  be  a  legal  voter  and  have  been  one 
year  a  resident  of  the  town. 

Election.     At  the  annual  town  election. 

Duties.  To  enforce  the  law  forbidding  certain  animals  to  run 
at  large  in  this  State. 
Constable.  Holds  office  four  years.  Two  are  elected  in  each  town 
and  one  for  each  1,000  population  over  2,500  inhabitants. 
Term  begins  the  first  Monday  in  May,  but  in  counties 
not  under  township  organization  two  are  elected  in  each 
election  precinct  and  term  begins  on  the  first  Monday  in 
December.  No  town  shall  have  more  than  five  constables. 
(In  towns  forming  part  of  the  city  of  Chicago,  the  office  of 
constable  was  abolished  after  December  1,  19C6,  and  their 
duties  are  now  performed  by  Bailiff  of  Municipal  Court.) 
Constables  have  no  salary,  but  are  paid  by  fees  fixed  by  law 
which  they  may  collect. 

Qualifications.     Same  as  Highway  Commissioner. 

Election.  First  Tuesday  in  April,  1909,  and  every  fourth  year 
thereafter  at  election  for  town  officers  in  counties  under 
township  organization,  and  at  regular  November  election 
same  year  in  counties  not  under  township  organization. 

Duties.  Must  take  the  oath  required  by  the  Constitution  and 
give  bond  $2,000  to  S10,000  within  twenty  days,  approved 
by  County  Clerk.  When  any  criminal  offense  or  breach  of 
peace  is  committed  or  attempted  in  his  presence,  forthwith  to 
apprehend  the  offender  and  take  him  before  a  magistrate; 


LIST  OF  ELECTIVE  OFFICERS  39 

to  suppress  riots  and  unlawful  assemblies,  and  to  keep  the 
peace,  and  without  delay  serve  and  execute  all  warrants, 
writs,  precepts,  and  other  process  to  him  lawfully  directed; 
pay  over  all  collections  made  by  him;  and  give  information 
under  Game  law. 
Justice  of  the  Peace.  He  is  commissioned  by  the  Governor. 
The  number  in  each  town  (save  in  Chicago,  where  the  office 
has  been  abolished)  and  term  of  office,  date  of  beginning  of 
term,  etc.,  is  same  as  constable.  (See  above.)  He  has  no 
salary  but  is  paid  by  fees  fixed  by  law. 

Qualifications.  He  must  reside  in  the  county,  and  town  or 
district  for  which  he  is  elected,  and  have  been  one  year  a 
resident  of  the  town  or  district,  and  be  a  legal  voter. 

Election.     Same  time  and  manner  as  Constable. 

Duties.  To  take  oath  and  give  bond  same  as  constable;  to 
keep  the  peace;  to  hold  court  in  his  county,  and  keep  a  docket 
of  all  actions  commenced  before  him;  exercise  the  jurisdic- 
tion given  by  law;  issue  writs  and  warrants  for  arrest  on 
complaint  to  him  on  oath  and  examine  persons  charged  with 
crime;  act  as  a  member  of  boards  of  Auditors  and  of  Appoint- 
ment in  his  town;  to  pay  over  moneys  received  by  him  as 
required  by  law;  post  in  his  office  at  least  once  every  three 
months  list  of  all  witness  fees  in  his  hands,  and  the  names 
of  the  persons  to  whom  they  belong,  etc.;  return  to  Clerk 
of  Court  to  which  appeal  is  taken,  when  he  returns  the  papers 
in  the  case,  the  names  of  all  material  witnesses;  also  to  ex- 
ercise powers  and  perform  other  duties  prescribed  by  "  Roads 
and  Bridges"  laws. 
Town  Collector.  Holds  office  one  year.  No  salary  is  given  but 
collector  is  allowed  to  retain  out  of  taxes  a  commission  of 
two  per  cent,  not  to  exceed  $1,500,  on  amount  collected. 
County  Board  may  allow  more  if  they  think  above  insufficient. 
In  cities,  and  towns  in  counties  having  over  25,000  popu- 
lation, the  Council  or  Trustees  fix  the  collector's  fees,  not 
to  exceed  two  per  cent. 

Qualifications.  Same  as  other  town  officers.  (See  Highway 
Commissioner.) 


40     VOTERS'  HANDBOOK  AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Election.  At  the  annual  town  meeting  in  each  town  on  the  first 
Tuesday  in  April. 

Duties.  To  take  the  oath  of  office  required  by  the  Revenue 
law,  and  give  bond  with  two  sureties,  approved  by  County 
Board  or  the  Supervisor  and  Town  Clerk  of  his  town,  for 
double  the  amount  of  taxes  to  be  collected  in  the  town.  This 
bond  is  recorded  and  is  made  a  lien  on  the  real  estate  of  the 
collector. 

To  call  at  County  Clerk's  office  on  January  2d  in  each 
year,  and  obtain  the  tax  books  and  warrant  to  collect;,  to 
collect  all  taxes  levied  on  both  real  and  personal  property 
entered  on  tax  books;  to  levy  by  distress  and  sale  of  goods 
and  chattels  of  such  persons  as  neglect  or  refuse  to  pay  per- 
sonal property  tax;  to  pay  over  taxes  collected  (after  de- 
ducting his  compensation)  to  the  proper  officers,  the  amount 
belonging  to  each. 
Town  Assessor.  Holds  office  one  year.  He  receives  $2.50  per 
day  for  time  necessarily  employed  in  towns  of  less  than 
50,000  population,  and  $3  in  towns  of  that  size  in  Cook 
County.  His  pay  in  counties  not  under  township  organi- 
zation is  fixed  by  the  County  Board. 

Qualifications.  Same  as  other  town  officers.  (See  Highway 
Commissioner.) 

Election.     At  annual  town  meeting  on  first  Tuesday  in  April. 

Duties.  Take  the  special  oath  of  office  prescribed  by  the 
Revenue  law,  and  assess  and  fix  the  value  for  purposes  of 
taxation  of  all  the  real  and  personal  property  in  his  town. 
He  may  appoint  deputies  with  advice  and  consent  of  chair- 
man of  the  County  Board,  or  Board  of  Town  Auditors. 
Town  Clerk.  Holds  office  one  year.  He  receives  $2.50  per  day 
for  business  out  of  the  town,  and  $1.50  per  day  while  serving 
in  the  town,  and  may  also  collect  fees  fixed  by  law  for  certain 
services  to  the  public. 

Qualifications.  Same  as  other  town  officers.  (See  Highway 
Commissioner.) 

Election.  Elected  at  annual  town  meeting  on  first  Tuesday 
in  April. 


LIST  OF  ELECTIVE  OFFICERS  41 

Duties.  He  must  take  the  oath  of  office  prescribed  by  the 
Constitution.  He  has  custody  of  all  records,  books,  and 
papers  of  the  town;  shall  file  all  certificates,  oaths,  and  other 
papers  required  by  law;  keep  a  record  of  the  minutes  of 
the  proceedings  of  every  town  meeting,  etc.;  enter  every 
order  or  direction  and  all  by-laws,  rules,  etc.;  deliver  to  the 
Supervisor,  before  annual  meeting  of  County  Board,  certi- 
fied copies  of  all  entries  of  votes  for  raising  money,  made 
since  the  last  annual  meeting  of  County  Board;  and  an- 
nually certify  to  the  County  Clerk  the  amount  of  taxes 
required  to  be  raised  for  all  purposes.  He  may  administer 
oaths,  and  take  affidavits,  and  is  one  of  the  Board  of  Town 
Auditors. 
Supervisor.  Holds  office  for  two  years.  (In  Cook  County  one  year.) 
The  supervisors  in  counties  having  township  organization 
are  classified  by  the  County  Board  by  lot,  the  supervisors 
of  each  town  being  divided  into  two  equal  classes  as  nearly 
as  may  be.  One  class  goes  out  of  office  each  year.  Re- 
ceives $2.50  per  day  for  services  when  rendered  out  of  the 
town  and  $1.50  per  day  for  service  in  the  town.  He  also 
receives  $2.50  per  day  for  attending  meetings  of  the  County 
Board,  and  $1.50  per  day  while  serving  as  member  of  either 
of  the  Boards  of  Appointment  and  of  Health. 

Qualifications.     Same  as  Highway  Commissioner. 

Election.  By  ballot  at  the  annual  town  meeting  on  the  first 
Tuesday  in  April.  Penalty  of  $25  if  he  refuses  to  serve  when 
elected. 

Duties.  To  take  and  file  the  oath  of  office  required  by  the  Con- 
stitution; give  bond  to  the  town  in  double  the  amount  of 
money  he  may  receive,  to  be  approved  by  the  Town  Clerk; 
to  receive  and  pay  out  all  moneys  except  those  for  roads 
and  highways;  prosecute  for  penalties;  keep  accounts,  make 
annual  settlement  of  same,  and  attend  all  meetings  of  the 
County  Board.  He  is  ex  officio  overseer  of  poor  for  town. 
Assistant  Supervisor.  Term  of  office  and  compensation  for  attend- 
ing County  Board  same  as  Supervisor. 

In  any  city  or  town  of  4,000  people  not  included  in  the 


42    VOTERS'    II AS D BOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

limits  of  any  town,  except  in  Cook  County,  there  shall  be 
one  additional  (or  assistant)  supervisor;  in  towns  of  6,500 
inhabitants  there  shall  be  two  assistant  supervisors;  and  for 
every  2,500  additional  inhabitants  there  shall  be  elected  one 
additional  supervisor. 

Qualifications.     Same  as  Supervisor. 

Election.     Same  as  Supervisor. 

Duties.  To  take  and  file  the  oath  of  office.  He  has  no  power 
or  duty  to  receive  or  pay  out  money  —  law  requiring  bond 
from  Supervisor  does  not  apply  to  him.  He  is  a  member 
of,  and  attends  the  meetings  of,  the  County  Board,  but 
has  no  other  power  or  duties  as  a  town  officer. 
Supervisors  in  Cook  County.  They  are  elected  in  towns  outside 
of  Chicago  the  same  as  in  other  counties  under  township 
organization,  and  they  perform  the  same  duties  as  super- 
visors in  such  other  counties,  except  that  they  are  not 
members  of  the  County  Board,  nor  do  they  have  any  power 
as  such.  Their  compensation  for  service  they  render  is  the 
same  as  that  given  to  other  supervisors  for  like  services. 
They  hold  office  one  year. 
Township  Trustees  of  Schools.  Each  congressional  township 
is  an  established  township  for  school  purposes.  There  are 
three  trustees  in  each  township  and  they  form  a  corporation 

by  the  name  of  "Trustees  of  Schools,  Township  No. , 

Range   No.  ,"  according   to    the   number.     They   hold 

office  for  three  years.  One  is  chosen  each  year.  No  com- 
pensation is  allowed  by  law. 

Qualifications.  Trustees  must  be  21  years  of  age  and  reside 
in  the  township.  Where  there  are  three  or  more  districts 
in  the  township,  no  two  of  the  trustees  can  be  residents  of 
the  same  district.  One  can  not  be  trustee  of  schools  and 
school  director  at  the  same  time.  Any  woman,  married  or 
single,  21  years  of  age,  is  eligible  to  any  office  under  the 
school  laws  of  this  State  if  she  possesses  the  qualifications 
prescribed  for  the  office. 

Election.  Held  on  the  second  Saturday  in  April  annually. 
The  Trustees  of  Schools  present  at  the  election  act  as  judges 


LIST  OF   ELECTIVE  OFFICERS  43 

of  election  and  choose  a  person  to  act  as  clerk  of 'election. 
In  counties  having  township  organization  each  town  as  so 
organized  whose  boundaries  coincide  with  the  congressional 
township  boundaries  elects  trustees  at  the  same  time  and 
in  the  same  manner  as  town  officers,  viz.:  first  Tuesday  in 
April. 

Duties.  To  elect  one  of  their  number  President;  to  elect 
some  person  not  a  director  or  trustee  as  Treasurer,  who  shall 
be  Clerk  of  the  Board  and  custodian  of  all  funds,  and  the 
trustees  shall  attend  to  all  school  business  of  the  township, 
and  divide  among  the  districts  the  funds  raised  for  school 
purposes.  They  have  power  to  buy,  sell,  or  lease  real  estate 
for  school  purposes. 
School  Directors.  The  congressional  or  school  township  is  sub- 
divided into  school  districts  for  the  convenience  of  the 
inhabitants  for  school  purposes.  These  are  designated  or 
known  by  numbers  and  may  be  changed  in  size  by  the  trus- 
tees on  petition  of  a  majority  of  the  legal  voters  of  the  dis- 
tricts affected.  In  school  districts  having  a  population  of 
less  than  1,000  inhabitants  and  not  governed  by  special  acts 
now  in  force  in  relation  to  free  schools  there  is  elected  a 
board  of  directors  of  three  members  who  form  a  corporation 

by  the  name  of  "School  Directors  of  School  District  No. , 

Township  No.  ,  Range  No.  ,  County  of  ,  Illi- 
nois."    No  compensation  is  allowed  by  law. 

Qualifications.  Any  person,  male  or  female,  married  or 
single,  21  years  of  age,  and  a  resident  of  the  school  district, 
who  is  able  to  read  and  write  in  the  English  language,  is 
eligible,  but  no  person  can  be  a  school  director  who  is  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  School  Trustees. 

Election.  Annually  on  the  third  Saturday  in  April  one  director 
is  elected  in  each  district  and  holds  office  for  three  years. 

Duties.  To  appoint  one  of  their  number  President  and  another 
Clerk  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  who  shall  keep  a  record  of 
all  their  official  acts ;  to  make  an  annual  report  to  the  voters 
present  at  the  annual  election  of  directors;  to  report  to  the 
County    Superintendent    the    names    and    periods    of    their 


44    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

engagement  of  persons  employed  as  teachers;  to  provide 
revenue  for  maintaining  free  schools  of  the  district;  to 
establish  and  keep  in  operation  at  least  for  110  days  in  each 
year  a  sufficient  number  of  schools  for  all  children  in  the 
district  over  six  years  of  age  and  under  21;  and  to  secure 
for  all  such  children  the  right  of  equal  education  in  such 
schools;  to  adopt  and  enforce  rules  for  the  government  of 
the  schools;  to  visit  and  inspect  schools;  to  appoint  all 
teachers;  to  fix  their  salaries;  to  purchase  text-books  for  ■ 
those  whose  parents  are  not  able  to  buy  them;  to  pay 
teachers'  wages  monthly,  and  post  at  the  annual  election  a 
copy  of  the  township  Treasurer's  report  of  finances  of  the 
district  on  the  front  door  of  the  building  where  the  election 
is  held. 

Many  other  powers  are  given  school  directors  in  detail, 
including  the  control  of  the  teachers,  management  of  the 
schools,  the  building  and  maintenance  of  the  school  buildings, 
and  the  power  to  borrow  money  to  purchase  sites,  build  and 
repair  school  houses,  etc. 
Members  of  High  School  Board  of  Education.  In  townships  hav- 
ing township  High  Schools,  there  shall  be  a  Board  of 
Education  of  five  members.  No  compensation  is  allowed 
by  law. 

Qualifications.  None  other  than  those  of  a  general  nature 
required  of  school  and  town  officers. 

Election.  On  the  second  Saturday  of  April  in  each  year,  two 
members  are  elected,  save  that  in  the  third  year  counting 
from  date  of  formation  of  the  High  School  District,  but  one 
member  is  elected. 

Powers  and  Duties.  For  the  purpose  of  building  school 
houses  and  supporting  schools  in  the  territory  for  which  the 
High  School  is  established,  that  territory  is  regarded  as  a 
school  district  and  the  High  School  Board  of  Education  has 
for  high  school  purposes  the  same  powers  and  duties  in  all 
respects  for  such  high  school  district  as  school  directors  have 
in  ordinary  school  districts, 


OFFICERS    OF   CITIES,    VILLAGES,    AND    INCORPO- 
RATED  TOWNS 

The  city,  village,  or  incorporated  town  may  exist  in,  and  as  a 
part  of,  a  congressional  or  other  township,  or  be  composed  of  one  or 
more  townships  or  parts  of  townships.  With  few  exceptions,  the 
township  officers  retain  their  offices,  powers,  and  duties  in  the  town- 
ships included  in  whole  or  in  part  within  the  city,  village,  or  incor- 
porated town.  These  exceptions  are  in  the  laws  referred  to  below 
relating  to  cities  of  50,000  population  or  over." 

The  distinction  must  be  kept  in  mind  between  cities,  towns,  and 
villages  as  incorporated  municipalities  having  the  broad  general 
grant  of  powers  by  the  legislature  covering  the  entire  subject  of 
local  municipal  control  or  government,  and  the  ordinary  township 
which  is  a  distinct  municipal  body  for  school  purposes  and  as  a 
township  under  the  "Township  Organization  Law,"  but  beyond 
that  is  merely  a  given  area  of  land  composed  of  sections  or  other 
governmental  divisions. 

On  January  1,  1908,  there  were  in  Illinois  1,058  incorporated 
cities,  towns,  and  villages.  Of  these  there  are  approximately  200 
cities,  80  towns,  770  villages,  and  8  incorporations  of  a  miscel- 
laneous character.  Of  these  1,058  organizations,  one  city  (Chicago) 
exceeds  125,000  (census  of  1900  shows  1,698,575,  or  more  than 
35  per  cent  of  the  entire  population  of  the  State) ;  one  city  (Peoria) 
has  over  50,000;  five  other  cities  have  each  more  than  25,000;  four 
others  have  each  more  than  20,000;  fourteen  others  have  each 
more  than  10,000;  twenty-seven  cities  have  each  over  5,000  and 
less  than  10,000;  of  the  remaining  1,006  municipalities,  none  have 
5,000,  and  680  of  these  have  each  a  population  of  less  than  1,000. 

The  acts  of  the  legislature  relating  to  cities  classify  these 
municipalities  according  to  population  for  many  purposes.  One 
class,  that  having  a  population  of  50,000  or  over,  is  subject  to 
many  provisions  of  law  different  from  al.  others.  Chicago  and 
Peoria  only  are  within  that  class.  Another  class,  cities  having  a 
population   of    125,000   or   over   (of   which   Chicago  is  at  present 

45 


46    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

the  only  example)  is  affected  by  numerous  laws  relating  only  to 
that  class. 

The  larger  number  (994)  of  these  municipalities  are  either  organ- 
ized under  the  general  city  and  village  act  of  1872  or  have  adopted 
it  since  its  passage,  and  that  law  is  the  foundation  or  framework 
of  the  system  of  government  of  these  municipalities,  although  many, 
like  Chicago,  have  special  charters  given  prior  to  the  adoption  of 
the  city  and  village  act,  which  still  apply  to,  and  control,  their 
government,  except  so  far  as  the  special  charters  are  inconsistent 
with  the  general  city  and  village  act  where  that  has  been  adopted. 

The  following  list  is  based  upon  the  general  laws  in  force 
governing  cities,  villages,  and  incorporated  towns.  The  officials 
and  system  applicable  to  Chicago  are  given  on  another  page. 

The  city  and  village  acts  are  a  grant  or  recognition  and  regu- 
lation by  the  people  of  the  State,  acting  through  the  legislature, 
of  the  power  and  right  of  self-government  to  the  people  of  any  given 
locality  under  such  forms  and  conditions  as  are  given  in  the  acts. 

The  acts  adopt  for  local  self-government  the  system  of  three 
divisions  or  departments  of  government,  legislative,  executive, 
and  judicial,  shown  in  the  Federal  and  State  Constitutions  and 
systems  of  government,  the  City  Council  in  cities  and  Board  of 
Trustees  in  villages  and  towns  being  the  legislative  branch,  the 
Mayor  or  President,  the  executive,  and  the  City  Courts,  Justices 
of  the  Peace,  and  Police  Magistrate,  the  judicial. 

ELECTIVE   CITY   OFFICERS 

Members  of  the  Board  of  Education.  Incorporated  cities,  villages, 
and  towns,  except  such  as  have  charge  of  free  schools 
by  special  laws,  remain  parts  of  the  school  townships  in  which 
they  are  situated,  except  that  in  school  districts  having  more 
than  1,000  and  not  over  100,000  inhabitants  and  not  gov- 
erned by  any  special  act  in  relation  to  free  schools  now  in 
force,  there  are  elected  instead  of  the  directors  provided  by 
law  in  other  districts,  a  Board  of  Education  to  consist  of  a 
President,  and  six  members,  and  three  members  for  every 
additional  10,000  inhabitants. 


OFFICERS  OF  CITIES  AND   VILLAGES  47 

The  President  holds  office  one  year.  Members  of  Board 
hold  office  for  three  years.  No  compensation  is  allowed  by 
law. 

Qualifications.  None  specially  given  for  this  office,  but  as 
they  are  elected  instead  of  school  directors,  their  qualifica- 
tions are  held  to  be  the  same.     (See  School  Directors.) 

Election.  On  the  third  Saturday  of  April  in  each  year,  one- 
third  of  the  members  are  elected  for  three  years,  and  a 
President  for  one  year. 

Duties  and  Powers.  They  are  given  generally  all  the  powers 
of  school  directors  and  specifically  the  power  and  duty  to 
establish  and  support  free  schools;  buy  or  lease  sites  for 
school  houses;  to  build  school  houses;  to  levy  taxes  for 
schools;  employ  teachers,  and  to  control  and  manage  the 
free  schools  in  their  districts. 

City   Treasurer.      Holds  office  for  two  years.       Salary  is  fixed  by 
ordinance  and  cannot  be  changed  during  his  term  of  office. 

Qualifications.  Must  be  a  qualified  elector  of  the  city  and 
have  resided  therein  at  least  one  year  next  preceding  the 
election,  and  must  not  be  a  defaulter  to  the  corporation.  He 
can  not  hold  this  office  two  terms  in  succession,  or  hold 
another  city  office  at  same  time. 

Election.  Third  Tuesday  in  April,  1909,  and  every  second 
year  thereafter. 

Duties.  To  take  and  file  with  the  Clerk  the  oath  of  office  pre- 
scribed by  the  city  and  village  act;  give  such  bond  as  the 
ordinance  may  require,  but  not  less  than  the  estimated 
amount  of  taxes  and  assessments  for  the  current  year;  receive 
and  keep  all  moneys  of  city;  give  receipts  for  moneys 
paid  in;  keep  books  of  account;  make  reports,  and  pay  out 
moneys  only  on  warrants  issued  by  the  Mayor  and  Clerk. 
City  Attorney.  Term  two  years.  Salary  is  fixed  by  ordinance 
but  can  not  be  changed  during  his  term  of  office. 

Qualifications.  Same  as  City  Treasurer,  save  that  Attorney 
is  eligible  to  more  than  one  term. 

Election.     Same  as  other  city  officers. 


48    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Duties.     Take  oath  and  give  bond.     (See  City  Treasurer.)     He 
shall  perform  such  duties  as  the  Council  or  Trustees  shall  by 
ordinance  require. 
City  Clerk.     Term  two  years.     Salary  is  fixed  by  ordinance. 

Qualifications.     Same  as  City  Attorney. 

Election.     Same  as  other  city  officers. 

Duties.  Take  and  file  with  City  Treasurer  the  oath  and  give 
bond  (see  City  Treasurer);  keep  the  city  seal  and  papers; 
attend  and  keep  minutes  of  proceedings  of  all  meetings  of 
City  Council  or  Village  Board  of  Trustees,  and  record  all 
ordinances  passed.  He  has  power  to  administer  oaths. 
City  Alderman.  Holds  office  two  years.  No  salary  allowed,  but 
he  may  be  allowed  by  ordinance  $3  for  each  meeting  of 
council  attended  in  cities  of  less  than  350,000  population. 
In  others  he  may  receive  not  to  exceed  $1,500  per  annum. 

Cities'  are  divided  by  the  City  Council  into  wards  as 
nearly  equal  in  population  and  of  compact  and  contiguous 
territory  as  possible.  Two  aldermen  are  elected  from  each 
ward.  The  terms  of  office  are  so  divided  that  each  ward 
elects  an  alderman  each  year. 

Qualifications.  Same  as  other  city  officers.  (See  City 
Attorney.)     He  must  reside  in  ward  from  which  elected. 

Election.     Same  time  as  other  city  officers. 

Duties.  Is  member  of  City  Council;  is  a  conservator  of  the 
peace  with  power  to  arrest  without  process  all  violators  of 
law. 
Police  Magistrate.  Holds  office  four  years.  Is  commissioned  by 
the  Governor.  He  has  no  salary  but  is  allowed  the  same 
fees  as  justices  of  the  peace. 

Qualifications.  He  must  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
and  have  resided  in  this  state  one  year  next  before  his  elec- 
tion, and  must  reside  in  the  county  or  district  from  which 
he  is  elected  and  be  a  voter  therein. 

Election.  Third  Tuesday  in  April,  or  at  the  regular  city  elec- 
tion. 

Powers  and  Duties.  The  same  as  other  justices  of  the  peace. 
He  must  take  the  oath  required  by  the  Constitution  and  give 


OFFICERS  OF  CITIES  AND    VILLAGES  49 

bond  to  the  people  to  be  filed  with  County  Clerk.  Police 
Magistrates  in  cities  lying  in  two  or  more  counties  may  have 
their  office  in  that  county  in  which  is  situated  the  seat  of  the 
city  government,  irrespective  of  where  he  resides,  and  he 
has  the  same  jurisdiction  in  the  township  where  the  seat  of 
the  municipal  government  is  situated  as  justices  of  the  peace 
would  have;  also  jurisdiction  in  municipal  matters  arising 
within  the  limits  of  such  city  which  would  be  within  the 
jurisdiction  of  justices  of  the  peace. 
Mayor.  Holds  office  two  years.  Salary  is  fixed  by  ordinance,  and 
can  not  be  changed  during  his  term  of  office. 

Qualifications.  Must  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  a 
qualified  elector,  and  reside  in  city  limits. 

Election.     Same  time  as  other  city  officers. 

Duties.  Is  chief  executive  officer  of  the  city;  presides  at  all 
meetings  of  the  City  Council  and  where  there  is  a  tie  may 
give  casting  vote;  may  appoint,  and  remove  certain  officers; 
has  power  of  sheriff  to  keep  the  peace  and  preserve  order; 
may  arrest  without  process;  see  that  the  laws  are  executed, 
and  generally  perform  the  duties  prescribed  for  him  by  law 
or  by  the  city  ordinances;  he  may  release  persons  imprisoned 
for  violating  city  ordinances  and  may  administer  oaths. 

He  may  veto  any  ordinance  passed  by  the  Council  or 
any  one  or  more  items  of  an  appropriation  ordinance  which 
can  then  only  be  passed  by  the  Council  by  vote  of  two-thirds 
its  members.  Should  take  and  file  the  oath  prescribed  for 
city  officers,  and  give  bond,  not  less  than  $3,000,  as  re- 
quired by  ordinances. 

CITY   COURTS 

At  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  the  State  Constitution  of  1870, 
certain  courts  existed  in  some  of  the  cities  in  the  State,  called  City 
Courts.  These  were  continued  by  that  Constitution  until  they 
should  be  abolished  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  said  cities.  Other 
similar  courts  may  now  be  established  under  the  act  of  May  10, 
1901,  changing  the  act  of  March  26,  1874. 


50    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND    CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Such  a  court  has  within  the  city  where  it  exists  the  same  juris- 
diction in  all  civil,  and  criminal  cases  arising  in  the  city  as  the  cir- 
cuit court  has,  and  also  of  appeals  from  justices  of  the  peace  in  said 
city.  The  procedure  and  practice  being  the  same  as  the  circuit 
courts  so  far  as  may  be. 

Such  courts  now  exist  in  the  cities  of  Alton  in  Madison  County, 
Aurora  in  Kane  County,  Canton  in  Fulton  County,  Chicago  Heights 
in  Cook  County,  East  St.  Louis  in  St.  Clair  County,  Elgin  in  Kane 
County,  Litchfield  in  Montgomery  County,  Mattoon  in  Coles 
County,  Paha  in  Christian  County,  and  Zion  in  Lake  County. 

Judge  of  the  City  Court.     Holds  office  for  a  term  of  four  years: 

In  cities  having  a  population  of  not  over  5,000,  salary 
S500  per  annum. 

In  cities  having  a  population  of    5,000  to  8,000,  salary 
SI, 500  per  annum. 

In  cities  having  a  population  of  8,000  to  25,000,  salary 
$2,000  per  annum. 

In  cities  having  a  population  of  over  25,000,  salary  $3,000 
per  annum. 
Qualifications.     Same  as  Circuit  Judge. 

Election.     In  the  same  manner  as  city  officers  are  elected,  but 
is  not  elected  at  the  same  time.     The  corporate  authorities 
of  the  city  are  directed  by  law  to  order  and  fix  the  time  of  the 
election  of  the  judge. 
Duties.     He  shall  perform  the  same  duties,  and  have  the  same 
powers  as  a  circuit  judge ;  may  interchange  with  judges  of  the 
Circuit,  County  and  Probate  Courts,  and  the  Superior  Court 
of  Cook  County,  and  may  appoint  a  Master  in  Chancery,  and 
a  court  reporter. 
Clerk  of  the  City  Court.      Holds  office  for  a  term  of  four  years. 
No  salary  but  is  entitled  to  collect  same  fees  as  clerk  of  the 
circuit  court. 
Qualifications.     Same     as    Circuit     Clerk.     (Law    mentions 

none.) 
Election.     He  is  elected  in  the  same  manner  as  the  judge  of 
the  city  court,  and  at  the  same  time. 


OFFICERS  OF   CITIES  AND   VILLAGES  51 

Duties.  To  take  the  oath  of  office,  give  bond  the  same  as  a 
clerk  of  a  circuit  court.  He  is  given  the  same  powers  and 
required  to  perform  the  same  duties,  and  is  subject  to  the 
same  liabilities  with  reference  to  the  city  court  as  is  provided 
by  law  for  the  circuit  clerk  in  relation  to  the  circuit  courts. 


ELECTIVE   OFFICERS    OF    VILLAGES    AND    INCOR- 
PORATED  TOWNS 

Trustees.  There  are  six  trustees  who  are  divided  into  two  equal 
classes.  One  class  of  three  is  elected  each  year,  arjd  holds 
office  two  years.  Compensation  same  as  Alderman  in  cities. 
Trustees  shall  not  receive  pay  for  more  than  one  meeting  in 
each  week. 

Qualifications.  Must  be  qualified  electors  of  the  village  and 
have  resided  therein  at  least  one  year  next  preceding  the 
election. 

Election.  Held  on  the  third  Tuesday  of  April  in  each  year, 
except  that  where  the  village  limits  coincide  with  the  limits 
of  the  township,  the  village  election  is  held  at  the  same  time 
as  the  annual  township  election,  viz.,  on  the  first  Tuesday 
of  April  each  year. 

Powers  and  Duties.     The  trustees  are  a  municipal  corporation 

by  the  name  and  style  of  "The  Village  of ,"  and  have 

the  powers  of  cities  of  limited  population.  They  may  ap- 
point a  treasurer,  and  one  or  more  street  commissioners, 
a  village  marshal,  and  other  necessary  village  officers,  and 
prescribe  their  duties  and  compensation.  They  are  con- 
servators of  the  peace,  and  may  arrest  without  process. 
President  of  Village  or  Incorporated  Town.  Holds  office  one  year. 
Compensation  is  fixed  by  ordinance  but  cannot  exceed 
$2,000  per  annum. 

Qualifications.     Same  as  Village  Trustee. 

Election.  The  third  Tuesday  of  April,  or  at  the  regular  elec- 
tion of  the  village  or  town,  if  at  an  earlier  date  under  the 
law  controlling  elections  for  village  trustees. 

Powers  and  Duties.  He  is  president  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  the  village  or  town,  and  has  the  same  powers,  including 
veto  powers,  and  performs  the  same  duties  as  a  Mayor  as 
well  as  those  given  by  law  to  president  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  in  villages,  but  he  does  not  vote  at  meetings  of  the 

52 


ELECTIVE  OFFICERS  OF  VILLAGES  53 

board  except  [in  case  of  a  tie,  when' he  gives  the~casting 
vote.  Should  take  the  oath  of  office  required  by  the  city 
and  village  act,  and  give  bond. 
Police  Magistrate.  Holds  office  four  years.  Is  commissioned 
by  the  Governor.  He  has  no  salary  but  is  allowed  the  same 
fees  as  justices  of  the  peace. 

Qualifications.  He  must  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
and  have  resided  in  this  State  one  year  next  before  his  elec- 
tion; must  reside  in  the  county  or  district  from  which  he 
is  elected,  and  be  a  voter  therein. 

Election.  Third  Tuesday  in  April,  or  at  the  regular  village 
election.     (See   Village   Trustees.) 

Powers  and  Duties.  The  same  as  other  justices  of  the  peace. 
He  must  take  the  oath  required  by  the  Constitution  and 
give  bond  to  the  people  and  file  it  with  County  Clerk.  Police 
Magistrates  in  cities  and  villages  lying  in  two  or  more  coun- 
ties may  hold  their  office  in  that  county  in  which  is  situated 
the  seat  of  the  city  or  village  government,  irrespective  of 
where  he  resides,  and  he  has  the  same  jurisdiction  in  the 
township  where  the  seat  of  the  municipal  government  is 
situated  as  justices  of  the  peace  would  have;  also  jurisdiction 
in  municipal  matters  arising  within  the  limits  of  such  village 
or  city  which  would  be  within  the  jurisdiction  of  justices  of 
the  peace. 
Village  Clerk.     Holds  office  two  years.      Salary  is  fixed  by  ordi- 


ERRATA 

President  of  Village  or  Incorporated  Town.  Holds  office  two  years. 
Compensation  is  fixed  by  ordinance  but  cannot  exceed 
$2,000  per  annum. 


icuuiu  ui  uueii  piuceeumgs  111  me  juuium,  anu  iccuiu  an  uiui- 

nances  passed,  keeping  a  memo  of  the  date  of  passage  and 
publication ;  also  take  the  oath  of  office,  and  give  such  bond 
as  may  be  required  by  the  ordinances. 


GOVERNMENT   OF    THE   CITY   OF   CHICAGO 

The  vast  population  of  the  city  of  Chicago,  so  much  greater 
than  that  of  any  other  municipality  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  being 
as  before  stated,  over  35  per  cent  of  the  entire  population  of  the 
State,  makes  necessary  many  changes  in,  and  additions  to  the 
officials  prescribed  for  the  ordinary  municipality,  and  requires  that 
increased  powers  be  given  to  some  and  restrictions  placed  upon 
others,  different  from  those  provided  under  the  general,  law. 

For  such  a  city  it  is  necessary  that  the  laws  be  extended  to  reach 
and  cover  many  conditions  which  exist  there,  and  not  in  any  other 
city  of  the  State,  and  to  meet  the  new  conditions  which  are  constantly 
arising  in  its  history. 

By  way  of  a  brief  general  history  of  the  charters  of  the  City  of 
Chicago,  it  may  be  stated  that  in  1833,  the  village  of  Chicago  was 
incorporated  and  five  town  trustees  were  elected,  dating  from 
August  12th  of  that  year.  The  special  needs  of  Chicago  were 
recognized  by  the  Legislature  from  time  to  time  subsequent  to  this 
period.  The  act  of  February  11,  1835,  changed  and  increased  the 
corporate  powers  of  the  town.  A  special  act  creating  it  a  city  was 
passed  March  4,  1837,  granting  local  self-government  on  a  much 
larger  scale  than  had  hitherto  been  given  any  city  in  this  State. 

This  first  city  charter  gave  the  triple  form  of  government,  leg- 
islative, executive,  and  judicial,  through  the  mayor,  city  council,  and 
city  courts. 

Another  complete  charter  was  granted  to  the  city  by  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  by  act  of  February  13,  1863.  Changes  in,  and  addi- 
tions to,  this  charter  were  granted  by  special  acts  from  time  to 
time  down  to  the  year  1870. 

Prior  to  the  Constitution  of  1870,  the  General  Assembly  com- 
monly used„  the  power  it  then  had  to  create  municipal  corporations 
and  change  or  add  to  their  privileges,  and  to  the  powers  and  duties 
of  their  officials  by  special  acts.  The  Constitution  of  1870  pro- 
hibited this,  but  authorized  the  General  Assembly  to  pass  general 
laws  affecting  all  such  municipalities.     This  was  done  by  the  "Act 

54 


GOVERNMENT   OF   CHICAGO  55 

to  Provide  for  Incorporation  of  Cities  and  Villages"  of  April  10, 
1872,  referred  to  on  a  previous  page  of  the  Handbook. 

The  people  of  Chicago  at  a  special  election  held  April  23,  1875, 
adopted  this  general  law,  a  method  being  provided  in  it,  by  which 
that  could  be  done.  That  law  declared  that  all  ordinances,  resolu- 
tions, and  by-laws  of  a  city  or  village  adopting  it  then  in  force 
continued  in  force  until  repealed  or  amended;  so  that  upon  the 
adoption  of  the  general  law,  the  city  was  governed  by  the  charters 
previously  given  to  it,  and  laws  amending  them,  and  the  general  law 
of  1872,  except  so  far  as  the  former  charters  were  inconsistent  with 
the  general  law.     In  all  such  cases,  the  latter  controlled. 

Many  amendments  have  been  subsequently  made  to  the  general 
incorporation  law,  some  of  them  as  stated  on  a  previous  page  being 
limited  in  their  operation  to  cities  having  a  large  population  in  ac- 
cord with  system  of  classification  which  the  General  Assembly  have 
adopted  under  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution  forbidding  special 
acts,  but  allowing  legislation  limited  to  certain  classes  of  cities, 
villages,  and  towns. 

By  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  in  1903,  an  amendment  to 
the  Constitution  was  submitted  to  the  voters  of  the  city  at  the 
election  of  November  8,  1904,  was  adopted  by  them,  and  is  known 
as  Section  34  of  Article  IV.  It  gives  the  General  Assembly  power 
to  pass  any  law,  local,  special,  or  general,  providing  a  scheme  or 
charter  of  local  municipal  government  for  territory  then  or  there- 
after embraced  within  the  limits  of  Chicago,  and  authorizing  a 
consolidation  of  various  municipalities  within  the  city,  an  increase 
of  the  debt  of  the  city,  abolishing  the  offices  of  justices  of  the  peace, 
police  magistrate  and  constable  within  the  city  and  creating  munici- 
pal courts  for  it,  and  to  pass  all  other  laws  to  effectually  provide  a 
complete  system  of  local  municipal  government  for  the  city,  but 
that  any  such  law  should  not  take  effect  until  a  majority  of  the 
legal  voters  of  the  city  voting  on  the  question  at  any  election  should 
consent. 

This  amendment  was  declared  valid  by  the  Supreme  Court  in 
City  of  Chicago  vs.  Reeves,  220  III.  274;  and  the  General  Assembly 
by  act  approved  May  18,  1905,  added  to  the  general  incorporation 
law  an  article  No.  XII,  relating  wholly  to  the  officials  of  the  City 


56    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

of  Chicago,  and  their  powers  and  duties.  This  act  was  adopted 
by  the  people  at  the  election  held  November  7,  1905,  and  declared 
valid  by  the  Supreme  Court  in  Swigart  vs.  City,  223  III.  371. 

A  convention  was  held  in  Chicago  beginning  in  1905  to  prepare 
a  complete,  and  simple  charter  for  the  city  under  the  power  given 
by  the  amendment  of  the  Constitution  adopted  in  1904  above 
mentioned.  The  charter  prepared  by  this  convention  was  com- 
pleted, and  adopted  by  the  General  Assembly  May  12,  1907.  As 
required  by  the  act  of  the  assembly  adopting  it,  and  the  amendment 
to  the  Constitution  of  1904,  this  charter  was  submitted  to  the  vote  of 
the  people  at  a  special  election  held  September  17,  1907,  but  was 
defeated. 

At  the  present  time  therefore,  Chicago  is  governed  under  the 
special  charters  granted  to  it  before  1870,  the  general  incorporation 
law,  and  the  various  amendments  thereto  applying  to  Chicago, 
including  the  special  Chicago  act  of  1905,  except  so  far  as  the  old 
charters  are  inconsistent  with  the  general  law  as  amended.  In 
those  respects  the  latter  controls. 

The  city  is  now  divided  into  35  wards.  Two  aldermen  are 
chosen  from  each  ward,  one  from  each  ward  goes  out  of  office  every 
vear. 


CHICAGO 

SHOWING 

WARD     BOUNDARIES 


1905 

Issued  bjr  Board  of  Election  Commissioner! 
of  the  City  of  Chicago 


57 


TOWNS  AND  PARTS  OF  TOWNS  WITHIN  THE  CITY 

OF   CHICAGO 

Towns  and  Districts  marked  with  "*"  are  wholly  within  the  City 
of  Chicago. 

*South  Chicago.     All  of  Wards  1,  2,  3,  4,  5.     Total  Precincts,  168. 
*Hyde  Park.      All  of  Wards  6,  7,  8,  and  Precincts  1  to  25  inclusive, 

of  Ward  33.     Total  Precincts,   162. 
*West  Chicago.     All  of  Wards  9,  10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18, 

19,  20,  28,  34,  35,  and  Precincts  15  to  18,  inclusive,  of  Ward  27, 

and  that  part  of  Precinct  8  west  of  N.  Western  Ave.  of  Ward 

24.     Total  Precincts,  503  and  part  of  one. 
*North  Chicago.     All  of  Wards  21,  22,  23,  and  Precincts  18  to  30, 

inclusive,  of  Ward  24.     Total  Precincts,  123. 
*Lake  View.     Precincts  1  to  7  and  9  to  17,  inclusive;  also  that  part 

of  Precinct  8  east  of  N.  Western  Ave  of  Ward  24,  and  Precincts 

1  to  47,  inclusive,  and  52,  of  Ward  25,  and  Precincts  1  to  35, 

of  Ward  26.     Total  Precincts,  99  and  part  of  one. 
Evanston.     Precincts  48  to  51,  inclusive,  of  Ward  25,  and  Precinct 

36  of  Ward  26.     Total  Precincts,  5. 
*  Jefferson.     Precincts  2  to  14, 19  to  42,  inclusive,  of  Ward  27.     Total 

Precincts;  37. 
Norwood  Park.     Part  of  Precinct  1,  of  Ward  27. 
Maine.     Part  of  Precinct  1  of  Ward  27. 
Niles.     Part  of  Precinct  1  of  Ward  27. 
*Lake.     All  of  Wards  29,  30,  31,  and  Precincts  1  to  34,  inclusive, 

of  Ward  32.     Total  Precincts,  141. 
Calumet.     Precincts  35  to  40,  inclusive,  of  Ward  32,  and  Precincts 

26  to  35,  inclusive,  of  Ward  33.     Total  Precincts,  16. 

Territory  lying  outside  of  the  City  of  Chicago  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  Election  Commissioners. 

The  Town  of  Cicero.     Total  Precincts,  5. 

*Ridge  Avenue  Park  District.     Precinct  51  of  Ward  25  and  Precinct 
36  of  Wacd  26. 

58 


MAP 

5HOWINS 

Towns  inthe  City  or  Chicago 

The  Boundaries  of  ths 
Sanitary  District. 


60    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

*North  Shore  Park  District.     Precincts  48,  49,  50,  of  Ward  25. 
Calumet  Park  District  is  partly  in  Chicago.     (That  portion  of  39th 
Precinct  of  32d  Ward,  lying  west  of  Leavitt  Street.) 

ELECTIVE   OFFICERS   OF    THE   CITY   OF    CHICAGO 

Officers  of  Townships.  In  Chicago,  by  act  of  May  16,  1905,  all 
powers  vested  in  townships  lying  wholly  in  any  city  of  more 
than  50,000  population  are  exercised  by  the  County  Board 
of  the  county,  including  the  powers  given  to  town  meetings 
and  town  auditors.  The  County  Clerk  is  ex-officio  town  clerk 
and  assessor  of  each  of  such  townships,  and  the  County 
Treasurer  is  ex-officio  collector  and  supervisor  of  each,  but 
they  need  not  give  any  additional  bond  on  that  account  or 
maintain  any  different  public  offices.  (See  also  Township. 
Officers,  page  37.) 

Members  of  the  Board  of  Education.  In  Chicago  they  are  not 
elected,  but  are  appointed  by  the  Mayor  and  Council,  and 
elect  their  own  president.     The  term  of  office  is  three  years. 

City  Treasurer.     Salary  fixed  by  ordinance  at  $12,000  per  annum. 

City  Attorney.  This  office  for  Chicago  was  abolished  by  act  of  May 
18,  1905,  the  duties  of  the  office  being  placed  upon  the  corpor- 
ation counsel,  who  is  made  head  of  the  city  law  department . 

City  Clerk.  Salary  fixed  by  ordinance  of  the  Council  at  $5,000  per 
annum. 

Aldermen.  Salary  $1,500  per  annum.  The  alderman  chosen  chair- 
man of  the  finance  committee  receives  $3,500  per  annum. 

Mayor.  Holds  office  four  years  in  Chicago.  His  salary  is  fixed  by 
ordinance  and  is  now  $18,000  per  annum.  (See  also  Elective 
City  Officers,  page  47,  for  qualifications  and  duties  of  City 
Treasurer,  Clerk,  Aldermen,  and  Mayor  of  Chicago.  The 
election  is  held  first  Tuesday  in  April.) 

MUNICIPAL   COURT   OF   CHICAGO 

This  court  was  organized  December  3,  1906,  in  accordance  with 
the  special  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  May  18,  1905 


ELECTIVE  OFFICERS  OF   CHICAGO  61 

as  ratified  and  adopted  by  vote  of  the  people  of  the  city  of  Chicago 
at  the  general  election  held  November  7,  1905,  under  an  amend- 
ment to  the  constitution  adopted  by  the  people  in  1904,  now  known 
as  section  34  of  Article  IV  of  the  constitution  of  1870.  The  act 
was  declared  constitutional  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  this  state  in 
the  case  of  the  City  vs.  Reeves,  220  111.  274.  The  Municipal  Court 
takes  the  place  of  justices  of  the  peace  in  Chicago  with  greater  juris- 
diction and  powers,  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  being  abolished. 
The  Court  is  composed  of  twenty-eight  judges,  one  of  whom  is 
the  Chief  Justice,  the  others  associate  judges.  The  Chief  Jus- 
tice holds  his  office  for  six  years,  at  a  salary  of  $7,500.  Of  the 
twenty-seven  associate  judges  now  holding  office,  nine  were  elected 
for  two  years,  nine  for  four  years,  and  nine  for  six  years.  Those 
elected  hereafter  will  hold  office  for  six  years,  at  a  salary  of  $6,000. 
They  are  commissioned  by  the  Governor. 

Judges  of  said  Municipal  Court  of  Chicago. 

Qualifications.  Each  judge  must  be  at  least  thirty  years  of 
age,  a  resident  of  the  city  of  Chicago,  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  and  have  resided  in  the  county  of  Cook,  and  have 
been  there  engaged  in  active  practice  as  an  attorney  and 
counsellor  at  law,  or  in  the  discharge  of  a  judicial  office,  for 
five  years  next  before  his  election. 

Election.  On  the  first  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  No- 
vember in  each  of  the  years  1908,  1910  and  1912,  nine  asso- 
ciate judges  of  said  court  are  to  be  elected,  and  on  said  day 
in  1912  there  shall  be  elected  a  Chief  Justice,  each  of  whom 
shall  hold  office  for  six  years. 

Duties.  The  Chief  Justice  shall  exercise  all  the  powers  of  a 
judge  of  the  court,  have  general  superintendence  of  its  busi- 
ness, preside  at  all  meetings  of  the  judges,  assign  the  asso- 
ciate judges  to  duty  in  the  branch  courts  from  time  to  time, 
superintend  the  preparation  of  calendars  of  cases  for  trial 
and  classify  the  same  upon  different  calendars,  give  his  atten- 
tion faithfully  to  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  his  office,  and 
perform  such  additional  judicial  work  as  he  may  be  able. 
He  may  appoint  assistants  not  exceeding  four. 


62    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AXD   CITIZENS'   MAX  UAL 

Each  associate  judge  shall  attend  and  serve  at  any  branch 
court  to  which  he  may  be  assigned.  He  shall  make  each 
month  a  report  in  writing  under  oath  to  the  Chief  Justice, 
giving  the  number  of  days  of  his  attendance  in  court  and 
the  hours  per  day  of  his  service.  He  is  entitled  to  not  ex- 
ceeding thirty-six  days  vacation  in  one  year.  He  must  per- 
form his  share  of  the  labors  and  duties  of  the  office.  At  least 
one  judge  must  attend  in  one  court  in  each  district  three 
hours  each  day  except  Sunday  or  public  holidays,  and  while 
in  the  court  room  or  chambers  he  must  act  upon  any  appli- 
cation for  his  official  action  properly  made  to  him. 

The  judges  shall  meet  together  at  least  once  a  month, 
except  in  August,  to  consider  such  matters  relating  to  the 
court  as  may  be  brought  before  them,  investigate  complaints 
as  to  the  court  and  its  officers,  and  have  power  to  adopt 
rules  and  regulations  for  the  administration  of  justice  in  that 
court. 
Clerk  of  the  Municipal  Court  of  Chicago.  Is  commissioned  by  the 
Governor.  Holds  office  for  six  years.  Salary  not  less  than 
$5,000,  nor  more  than  $6,000,  to  be  fixed  by  City  Council. 

Qualifications.  Must  be  a  qualified  elector  in  city  and  have 
resided  therein  at  least  one  year  next  before  election,  same 
as  other  city  officers,  under  city  and  village  acts. 

Election.  On  the  first  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in 
November,  1912,  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter. 

Duties:  He  performs  for  the  municipal  court  the  duties  usually 
performed  for  the  circuit  court  by  the  clerk  of  the  circuit 
court.  He  must  give  his  personal  attention  to  the  duties 
of  his  office,  and  keep  it  open  from  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m., 
of  each  working  day.  He  is  given  the  powers  and  charged 
with  the  duties  and  liabilities  and  must  take  and  file  the 
oath  and  bond  prescribed  for  clerks  of  courts  by  act  of 
March  25,  1874.  He  may  appoint  such  deputies  as  the 
judges  of  the  court  direct  by  order. 
Bailiff  of  the  Municipal  Court  of  Chicago.  Holds  office  for  six 
years.  Salary  same  as  clerk  of  this  court.  Is  commissioned 
by  the  Governor. 


ELECTIVE  OFFICERS  OF   CHICAGO  63 

Qualifications.  Same  as  other  city  officers  under  city  and 
village  act.  Must  be  a  qualified  voter  in  city  and  have 
resided  therein  at  least  one  year  next  before  election. 

Election.  On  the  first  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in 
November,  1912,  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  To  perform  in  connection  with  the  municipal  court 
the  duties  usually  performed  by  the  sheriff  in  attendance 
upon  and  service  and  execution  of  process,  and  obeying 
orders  and  directions  of  the  circuit  court,  to  give  personal 
attention  to  the  duties  of  his  office,  and  keep  it  open  from 
8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m.  of  each  working  day.  He  is  given 
the  powers  and  duties  and  is  subject  to  the  liabilities,  and 
is  required  to  make  and  file  the  oath  of  office  and  give  bond, 
the  same,  as  near  as  may  be,  as  prescribed  by  law  for  sheriffs 
in  respect  to  the  circuit  courts.  He  may  appoint  such  num- 
ber of  deputies  as  the  judges  of  the  court  may  direct  by 
order.  The  bailiff  takes  the  place  of  the  constable  in  Chi- 
cago where  the  office  of  constable  has  been  abolished. 

There  are  a  great  number  of  other  officials  authorized  by  law 
for  Chicago,  but  they  are  all  appointed  either  by  the  Mayor,  or  by 
t  he  Mayor  with  the  approval  of  the  Council,  or  by  the  appointed 
heads  of  different  bureaus  and  departments.  A  list  of  these  will 
be  found  on  a  subsequent  page,  under  the  head  of  "Appointive 
Officers." 


SANITARY   DISTRICT    OF    CHICAGO 

To  remedy  the  evils  arising  from  the  drainage  system  carrying 
the  surface  drainage  and  sewerage  of  a  great  and  growing  city  like 
Chicago  into  the  lake,  the  source  of  its  water  supply  for  drinking 
purposes  and  other  domestic  uses — an  evil  the  extent  of  which  was 
becoming  daily  more  apparent  —  a  system  was  devised,  after  many 
years  of  discussion  and  consideration  of  the  question  on  the  part 
of  the  general  public  and  of  the  officials  of  the  territory  involved, 
as  well  as  by  special  commissions  created  for  the  purpose  of  consid- 
ering the  matter  from  the  technical  and  practical  standpoint  of 
the  physician,  the  engineer,  and  the  law-maker,  which  was  made 
effective  by  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  (approved  May  29, 
1889,)  authorizing  the  incorporation  of  certain  territory  as  a  sani- 
tary district  on  petition  to  the  County  Judge  and  submission  to 
and  ratification  by  vote  of  the  people  of  the  proposed  district. 

Under  this  act,  by  vote  of  the  people  of  Cook  County,  taken  at 
the  November  election,  1889,  the  "Sanitary  District  of  Chicago" 
was  created  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  a  drainage  canal  from 
Chicago  to  connect  with  the  Desplaines  and  Illinois  rivers.  It  lies 
wholly  within  Cook  County  and  includes  all  of  the  city  of  Chicago 
and  the  town  of  Cicero,  and  by  an  act  of  1903  the  district  was 
enlarged  to  include  certain  other  lands  in  Cook  County.  A  map  of 
the  District  will  be  found  on  a  previous  page. 

The  control  of  the  District  is  vested  in  a  Board  of  Trustees. 

By  amendment  to  the  law,  the  Board  now  consists  of  nine  trus- 
tees, elected  at  the  November  election  of  1905;  three  to  hold  office 
for  one  year,  three  for  three  years,  and  three  for  five  years.  One 
of  the  nine  trustees  was  designated  to  be  President  of  the  Board, 
and  holds  office  for  five  years  from  that  time.  At  the  November 
election,  1906,  three  trustees  were  elected  to  hold  office  for  six  years. 

Trustees  of  the  Sanitary  District.  Hold  office  for  six  years. 
Salary  of  President  may  not  exceed  $4,000  per  annum,  and 
of  other  trustees  $3,000. 

64 


GOVERNMENT   OF   CHICAGO  65 

Qualifications.  None  are  given  in  the  act  creating  the  Dis- 
trict. By  the  Constitution  all  such  officers  must  be  citizens 
of  the  United  States  and  have  resided  in  this  State  one  year 
next  before  their  election. 

Election.  Three  trustees  are  to  be  elected  by  the  voters  of 
the  District  at  the  election  held  on  the  Tuesday  after  the 
first  Monday  of  November,  1908.  Three  trustees,  one  of 
whom  is  to  be  designated  President  of  the  Board,  are  to  be 
elected  at  the.  November  election  in  1910,  and  three  trustees 
at  the  November  election  in  1912. 

Duties.  The  trustees  constitute  a  Board  who  have  control, 
and  management  of  the  canal,  and  the  wyork  of  the  Sanitary 
District  with  power  to  purchase,  condemn  and  otherwise 
acquire  real  and  personal  property,  to  lay  out,  construct, 
and  maintain  channels,  drains,  etc.,  for  disposing  of  the 
drainage  and  sewerage  of  the  District,  to  establish  docks 
adjacent  to  any  navigable  channel  made  for  drainage  pur- 
poses, to  lease,  manage  and  control  such  docks,  control  and 
dispose  of  any  water  power  created  by  making,  and  use  of 
the  channels,  to  borrow  money  for  corporate  purposes, 
and  issue  bonds  not  to  exceed  an  amount  equal  to  five  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  the  taxable  property  in  the  District,  as 
ascertained  by  the  last  assessment  for  State  and  County 
taxes,  such  bonds  not  to  exceed  $20,000,000;  also  to  levy 
and  direct  an  annual  tax  to  pay  the  interest  on  the  debt, 
and  discharge  the  principal.  They  may  appoint  various 
officers  and  fix  their  salaries,  and  may  pass  ordinances, 
which  may  be  approved  or  vetoed  by  the  President,  and 
passed  over  his  veto  by  a  two-thirds  vote. 


COUNTY   OFFICERS 

Keep  in  mind  that  there  are  three  classes  of  counties  in  this 
State.  (1)  Counties  not  under  township  organization;  (2)  Counties 
under  township  organization  (see  list  of  counties  on  previous  page) ; 
and  (3)  the  County  of  Cook,  which  though  under  township  organiza- 
tion is,  under  the  Constitution  and  the  laws  applying  to  counties  of 
over  50,000  population,  over  100,000  population,  and  over  125,000 
population,  for  all  practical  purposes  in  a  class  by  itself. 

The  laws  relating  to  fees,  and  salaries  of  offices  also  create 
three  classes  of  counties,  as  referred  to  on  a  previous  page,  viz.: 
(1st  Class.)  Counties  having  not  over  25,000  population;  (2d, 
Class.)  Counties  having  over  25,000,  and  not  over  100,000  popu- 
lation; (3d  Class.)  Counties  having  over  100,000  population, 
(Cook  County.)  The  State  Const.  Sec.  10  Art.  10  requires  the 
County  Board  in  all  counties  except  Cook  to  fix  the  compensation 
of  all  county  officers  with  their  necessary  clerk  hire,  stationery,  fuel, 
and  other  expenses,  and  in  cases  where  thev  are  allowed  to  collect 
fees,  their  compensation  shall  be  paid  only  out  of  such  fees  and 
shall  not  exceed  the  fees  collected  nor  shall  the  compensation  ex- 
ceed the  following: 

If  population  does  not  exceed  20,000.. . : $1500  per  annum 

If  population  is  over  20,000  and  not  over  30,000.  2000 
If  population  is  over  30,000  and  not  over  50,000.  2500 
If  population  is  over  50,000  and  not  over  70,000.  3000 
If  population  is  over  70,000  and  not  over  100,000.  3500 
If  population  is  over  100,000  and  not  over  250,000  4000 
and  for  each  additional  100,000  population,  an  increase  of  $1,000. 
All  fees  or  amounts  collected  by  them  in  excess  of  said  compensa- 
tion must  be  paid  into  the  County  Treasury. 

By  Sec.  9  of  the  same  Art.,  clerks  of  all  courts  of  record,  the 
treasurer,  sheriff,  coroner,  and  recorder  of  deeds,  in  Cook  County, 
are  allowed  salaries  to  be  fixed  by  law,  in  no  case  to  be  as  much  as 
that  of  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  County,  and  to  be  paid 
only  out  of  the  fees  of  the  office  collected.     All  fees,  etc.,  above 

66 


LIST  OF  ELECTIVE  OFFICERS,   COUNTY  67 

the  salaries  are  to  be  paid  into  the  County  Treasury.  The  number 
of  deputies  and  assistants  of  these  officers  must  be  determined  by 
the  Circuit  Court,  and  their  compensation  fixed  by  the  County  Board. 

County  Surveyor.     Holds  office  four  years.      Is  entitled  to  a  fee 
of  $6  per  day  while  actually  employed. 

Qualifications.  He  must  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
and  have  resided  in  this  State  one  year  next  before  his  elec- 
tion. 

Election.  On  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November, 
1908,  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  To  subscribe,  and  file  with  the  County  Clerk  the  oath 
of  office  required  by  the  statute;  make  all  surveys  that  he 
may  be  called  upon  to  make  within  the  county,  and  keep  a 
record  of  each  survey.  He  may  appoint  deputies. 
County  Superintendent  of  Schools.  Holds  office  four  years. 
Salary:  In  counties  of  1st  class,  $1,250  per  annum.  In 
counties  of  2d  class,  $1,650  per  annum.  In  counties  of 
3d  class  (Cook  County)  $7,500  per  annum.  County  Board 
has  power  to  allow  larger  salary. 

Qualifications.     Same  as  for  County  Surveyor. 

Election.  On  the  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in 
November,  1908,  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  To  file  an  oath  of  office;  give  bond  to  perform  his 
duties;  visit  all  schools  in  the  county;  examine  once  a  year 
all  books,  accounts,  and  vouchers  of  every  township  treasurer 
therein;  and  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be  specified 
by  law.  He  may  employ  assistants;  issue,  renew,  and  revoke 
teachers'  certificates,  and  exercise  many  other  powers  detailed 
in  the  laws. 
Coroner.  Holds  office  four  years.  No  salary  but  is  entitled  to 
fees  fixed  by  law  differing  in  amount  in  each  class  of  counties. 
Salary  of  coroner  of  Cook  County  is  $5,000.  When  coroner 
acts  for  sheriff,  he  is  entitled  to  same  fees  as  sheriff. 

Qualifications.     Same  as  for  County  Surveyor. 

Election.  On  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  of  November, 
1908,  and  every  four  years  thereafter. 


68 'VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Duties.  To  give  bond  for  the  performance  of  his  duty,  and  file 
oath  of  office;  to  act  as  sheriff  when  office  of  sheriff  is  vacant 
or  when  the  sheriff  is  interested  in  the  matter  requiring  the^ 
action  of  a  sheriff;  and  to  hold  inquests  in  all  cases  of  death 
by  violence,  casualty,  or  by  undue  means.  He  may  appoint 
deputies. 
Sheriff.  Holds  office  four  years.  No  salary  named,  but  he  is 
entitled  to  fees  fixed  by  law,  differing  in  amount  with  each 
class  of  counties.  Sheriff  of  Cook  County  has  a  salary  of 
$6,000. 

Qualifications.  Same  as  for  County  Surveyor,  except  that 
a  sheriff  is  not  eligible  to  re-election  as  sheriff  for  four  years. 

Election.  On  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November, 
in  the  year  1910,  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  To  file  an  oath  of  office;  give  bond  for  the  perform- 
ance of  his  duty;  keep  custody  of  the  Courthouse  of  the 
County;  serve  all  writs  and  processes  from  the  courts  of 
record;  attend  the  court;  keep  the  peace,  and  prevent 
crime  in  his  county;  when  necessary  to  call  to  his  aid  for  that 
purpose  the  posse  comitatus,  or  power  of  the  county,  or  any 
person  therein. 
States  Attorney.  He  is  commissioned  by  the  Governor,  and 
holds  office  four  years.  Salary  $400,  and  fees,  and  certain 
commissions  fixed  by  law.  (In  Cook  County  salary  of 
States  Attorney  is  $10,000  per  annum  for  all  services  and  in 
lieu  of  all  fees.) 

Qualifications.  He  must  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
and  have  resided  in  this  State  one  year  next  before  his  elec- 
tion. 

Election.  On  Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  November,  1908, 
and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  To  take  the  oath  prescribed  by  law;  give  bond  for 
$5,000;  commence  and  prosecute  all  actions,  suits,  indict- 
ments, and  prosecutions,  civil,  and  criminal,  in  his  county, 
in  which  the  people  may  be  concerned. 

To  prosecute  all  forfeited  bonds,  and  recognizances,  and 
all  actions  and  proceedings  for  the  recovery  of  debts,  rev- 


LIST   OF   ELECTIVE   OFFICERS,   COUNTY  69 

enues,  moneys,  fines,  penalties,  and  forfeitures  accruing  to 
the  State  or  county,  or  to  any  school,  or  road  district,  also 
to  prosecute  all  suits  in  the  name  of  the  People  of  the  State 
of  Illinois  against  railroad  and  transportation  companies. 

To  commence  and  prosecute  and  also  defend  all  actions 
and  proceedings  brought  by  or  against  any  county  officer  in 
his  official  capacity. 

To  attend  examination  of  all  persons  on  habeas  corpus, 
when  prosecuted  in  his  county. 

To  attend  before  justices  of  the  peace  and  prosecute 
charges  of  felony  and  misdemeanor,  where  offender  is  required 
to  give  recognizance  to  appear  before  a  court  of  record, 
when  in  his  power  to   do   so. 

To  give  his  opinion,  without  fee  or  reward,  to  any  county, 
officer,  and  to  justices  of  the  peace,  on  any  question  of  law 
relating  to  any  criminal  or  other  matter  in  which  the  people 
or  county  may  be  concerned. 

To  appear  in  all  proceedings  by  collectors  of  taxes  for 
judgments  of  sale  of  real  estate,  and  see  that  all  necessary 
steps  have  been  taken  to  make  judgment  legal  and  binding. 

To  assist  the  Attorney  General,  whenever  necessary, 
and  in  cases  of  appeal  on  writ  of  error  in  which  Attorney 
General  is  to  attend,  to  furnish  Attorney  General  with  a  brief, 
showing  nature  of  the  case,  etc. 

Make  report  in  writing  under  oath,  and  file  with  clerk  on 
first  day  of  each  term  of  circuit  court  of  all  fines,  fees,  and 
forfeitures  he  has  collected.  (In  Cook  County  this  report 
is  required  at  June  and  December  terms  of  court  only,  but 
he  must  pay  said  fees  into  County  Treasury  at  end  of  every 
quarter.)  And  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be  en- 
joined on  him  by  law. 
Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court.  In  each  County  a  Clerk  of  the  Cir- 
cuit Court  is  elected.  He  holds  office  for  four  years.  Is 
entitled  to  fees  fixed  by  law  differing  in  each  class  of  counties. 
(In  Cook  County  this  Clerk  is  allowed  salary  of  $5,000  per 
annum.) 
Qualifications.     Same  as  County  Surveyor. 


70    VOTERS'  HANDBOOK  AND  CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Election.     Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November,  1908, 
and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  To  keep  his  office  at  the  Courthouse  of  his  county, 
keep  office  open  from  8  to  6  each  working  day;  keep  the 
seal  and  records  of  the  circuit  court  for  his  county;  attend 
all  its  sessions;  issue  writs,  and  enter  the  judgments  of  that 
court.  In  all  counties  having  a  population  of  less  than 
GO, 000,  he  is  ex  officio  Recorder  of  Deeds  of  his  county, 
and  as  such  he  takes  an  oath  of  office  and  gives  bond,  and 
is  entitled  to  fees  for  that  service  fixed  by  law. 
Recorder  of  Deeds.  In  all  counties  having  a  population  of  60,000 
or  more,  there  is  elected  a  Recorder  of  Deeds  who  holds 
office  for  four  years.  Is  entitled  to  fees  fixed  by  law  differing 
in  each  class  of  counties.  Recorder  of  Cook  County  receives 
$5,000,  and  $1,000  more  as  Abstract  Maker,  payable  only 
out  of  the  fees  of  his  office.  After  1908  he  receives  $9,000 
per  annum  for  all  services  in  any  capacity. 

Qualifications.     Same  as  for  County  Surveyor. 

Election.     Same  time  and  manner  as  Clerk  of  Circuit  Court 
above. 

Duties.  File  oath  of  office  and  give  bond  of  $20,000;  record 
all  deeds  and  papers  offered  for  that  purpose  entitled  to  be 
recorded  by  law;  keep  books  for  such  recording;  receipt 
for  instruments  left  for  record;  keep  indices  to  records; 
where  County  Board  requires  it,  he  shall  keep  abstract 
books  and  make  abstracts  of  the  land  in  the  county,  in  which 
event  he  must  give  a  special  bond  of  $10,000  to  secure 
correctness  of  abstracts.  In  Cook  County  the  Recorder 
of  Deeds  is  also  Registrar  under  the  "Torrens  System" 
of  registry  of  deeds  and  certifying  titles  which  property 
owners  may  use  in  that  county  where  the  Torrens  law  was 
adopted. 
County  Clerk.  Holds  office  four  years.  Is  entitled  to  fees  fixed 
by  law,  which  vary  in  counties  of  different  classes.  The 
County  Clerk  of  Cook  County  is  allowed  $2,000  and  as  Clerk 
of  the  County  Court  $3,000. 
Qualifications.     Same  as  for  County  Surveyor. 


LIST  OF   ELECTIVE  OFFICERS,   COUNTY  71 

Election.  Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  November,  1910, 
and   every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  File  oath  of  office;  give  bond  for  the  performance 
of  his  duties;  keeps  record  of  all  notaries  public,  justices, 
and  constables  in  the  county  and  gives  certificates  of  their 
authority;  acts  as  Clerk  of  the  County  Board,  and  of  the 
County  Court,  and  keeps  the  records  of  those  offices  and  of 
the  county,  and  of  all  official  bonds ;  issues  marriage  licences ; 
extends  upon  the  tax  books  prepared  by  him,  all  tax  rates 
certified  to  or  determined  by  him  under  the  law,  upon  the 
assessed  valuation  of  taxable  property  in  his  county;  and 
issues  warrants  to  the  several  collectors  to  collect  same. 
He  issues  notices  of  the  appointment  of  judges  and  clerks  of 
election,  receives  nomination  papers  and  petitions  for  county 
offices,  and  acts  with  two  justices  of  the  peace  as  a  Can- 
vassing Board  to  canvass  votes  for  State  and  county  offi- 
cers and  issues  certificates  of  election  to  county  officers. 
He  may  appoint  deputies.  He  is  County  Sealer  and  when 
authorized  by  the  County  Board  may  procure  a  full  set  of 
weights  and  measures  and  prove  the  same  by  State  stand- 
ards under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  State  and  it  is 
his  duty  thereupon  to  test  all  weights  and  measures.  He  is 
allowed  fees  as  County  Sealer.  County  Clerk  of  Cook  County 
is  ex  officio  Town  Clerk  of  all  towns  lying  wholly  within  Chicago. 
County  Treasurer.  Is  elected  for  four  years.  Is  paid  by  fees 
and  commissions  fixed 'by  law,  varying  in  different  classes 
of  counties.  He  is  also  entitled  to  fees  and  commissions  as 
County  Collector.  Treasurer  of  Cook  County  has  salary  of 
$4,000,  and  fees  and  commissions  as  County  Collector. 

Qualifications.  Same  as  County  Surveyor  except  that  no 
person  elected  to  the  office  of  County  Treasurer  is  eligible 
for  re-election  to  said  office  for  four  years  after  the  expiration 
of  the  term  for  which  he  was  elected. 

Election.  Held  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November, 
1910,  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  File  oath  of  office;  give  bond  to  perform  duties  of 
his  office;    keep  account  of  all  county  funds,  and  make  re- 


. 


72    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

ports  to  County  Board  of  all  moneys  received  or  paid  out, 
and  make  half  yearly  settlements  with  the  County  Board 
as  to  county  funds  and  books. 

He  is  ex  officio  collector  of  taxes  in  counties  under  town- 
ship organization  and  ex  officio  assessor  in  counties  not 
under  township  organization.  As  such  County '  Assessor 
the  Treasurer  is  allowed  $3.50  per  day  for  time  actually 
employed  in  making  the  assessment.  In  Cook  County  the 
County  Treasurer  is  ex  officio  Town  Supervisor  and  Town 
Collector  of  all  towns  lying  wholly  within  Chicago. 
Board  of  Assessors  in  Cook  County.  Consists  of  five  members. 
Hold  office  for  six  years.  Salary  $5,000  per  annum.  Not 
more  than  four  members  shall  be  residents  of  any  one 
city. 
Qualifications.  They  must  be  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
and  have  resided  in  the  State  one  year  next  before  their 
election.  The  members  of  the  Board  shall  hold  no  other 
lucrative  public  office  or  public  employment. 
Election.  One  is  elected  at  the  November  election  in  1908 
and  every  sixth  year  thereafter. 

Two  are  elected  at  the  November  election  in  1910  and 
every  sixth  year  thereafter. 

Two  are  elected  in  1912  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter. 
Duties.  To  take  and  file  the  oath  of  office  provided  for  in 
the  Revenue  Laws;  to  give  bond  to  the  people  of  the  State 
of  $2,000,  or  such  larger  sum  as  the  County  Board  shall 
determine,  to  be  approved  by  the  President  of  the  Board; 
to  assess  all  property,  real,  and  personal,  for  taxation  — 
personal  property  annually,  and  real  estate  every  four  years 
beginning  with  1899;  to  revise  the  assessment  of  real  prop- 
erty on  the  first  Monday  in  June,  and  of  personal  property 
on  the  third  Monday  of  June,  each  year,  and  finish  the  revision 
before  July  1st;  to  keep  their  office  open  during  business 
hours ;  to  receive  complaints ;  to  make  affidavit  to  the  assess- 
ment books  of  which  they  make  three  sets,  when  completed, 
and  return  same  to  the  Board  of  Review,  after  which  they 
have  no  power  to  change  the  assessment  or  books   for  that 


LIST  OF  ELECTIVE  OFFICERS,   COUNTY  73 

year.  They  may  employ  a  chief  clerk  and  clerical  help; 
may  appoint  deputies,  subject  to  approval  of  Board  of  Re- 
view; and  have  power  to  buy  maps,  and  plats  to  aid  in  their 
work,  the  same  to  remain  in  their  office,  and  be  open  to 
public  inspection. 
Board  of  Review  in  Cook  County.  Consists  of  three  members 
who  hold  office  for  six  years,  and  are  so  classified  that  one 
is  elected  every  two  years.  Receive  such  salary  as  may 
be  fixed  by  the  County  Board,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  County 
Treasury.  Salary  at  present  $7,000,  per  annum.  The 
member  having  the  shortest  term  is  chairman  of  the  Board. 

Qualifications.  Same  as  for  members  of  the  Board  of  Assess- 
ors   for  Cook  County. 

Election.  One  at  the  November  election  in  1908  and  every 
sixth  year  thereafter. 

One  at  the  November  election  in  1910  and  every  sixth 
year  thereafter. 

One  at  the  November  election  in  1912  and  every  sixth 
year  thereafter. 

Duties.  To  take  and  file  the  oath  of  office  prescribed  by  the 
Revenue  Law  of  1898;  meet  on  or  before  the  2d  Monday  in 
July  each  year,  for  the  purpose  of  revising  the  assessment 
of  property  on  the  application  of  any  taxpayer,  or  on 
their  own  motion;  to  revise  the  whole  or  any  part  of  the 
assessment,  and  correct  same,  but  the  assessment  of  no  per- 
son shall  be  increased  unless  written  notice  be  given  him; 
to  assess  all  property  subject  to  assessment  not  assessed  by 
the  assessors;  make  alterations  in  the  description  of  property 
as  necessary;  on  complaint  in  writing  filed  on  or  before  Aug- 
ust 1st,  to  revise  and  correct  the  assessment  as  shall  be  just; 
to  note  on  the  assessor's  books  all  changes  in  valuation  and 
make  return  to  the  County  Clerk  of  one  set  of  books,  another 
to  the  Board  of  Assessors,  and  keep  the  other;  also  to  correct 
the  valuation  of  real  property  each  year  upon  complaint; 
to  equalize  the  assessments  as  between  townships  or  other 
parts  of  the  county;  and  to  hear  and  determine  applications 
for  exemption  from  taxation. 


74    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

County  Commissioners.  In  counties  not  under  township  organi- 
zation there  are  elected  three  commissioners,  one  each  year 
for  a  term  of  three  years,  who  are  styled  "The  Board  of 
County  Commissioners."  Compensation  $3.00  per  day  for 
time  necessarily  and  actually  employed,  and  5c  per  mile  for 
mileage  expenses. 

Qualifications.  Must  be  twenty-five  years  of  age,  citizens 
of  the  United  States,  have  resided  in  the  State  five  years 
next  before  election,  and  be  residents  of  the  county.  They 
shall  not  hold  any  other  office  by  appointment  or  election  of 
the  County  Board  while  they  are  Commissioners,  and  shall 
not  be  interested  in  any  contract  or  work  upon  which  they 
may  be  called  on  to  vote.  * 

Election.  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in  November 
in  each  year,  one  is  elected  in  each  county  not  under  town- 
ship organization. 

Duties.  The  Commissioners  together  constitute  the  legislative 
body  of  the  county;  control  its  affairs;  have  supervision 
of  highways,  roads  and  bridges  in  it,  including  State  roads. 
They  may  administer  oaths  to  persons  concerning  any  mat- 
ter connected  with  their  powers  or  duties. 
County  Commissioners  in  Cook  County.  A  separate  form  of 
government  is  provided  for  Cook  County,  in  many  particu- 
lars differing  from  that  of  other  counties  in  the  State. 

The  business  and  affairs  of  the  county  are  managed  by 
a  Board  of  fifteen  Commissioners,  ten  of  whom  are  chosen 
from  the  city  of  Chicago,  and  five  from  that  part  of  the 
county  outside  Chicago.  One  of  the  candidates  for  commis- 
sioner may  be  designated  on  the  ballots  as  President  of  the 
Board,  and  the  candidate  receiving  the  highest  number  of 
votes  for  President  acts  as  such. 

The  commissioners  hold  office  two  years.  Salary  $3,600 
per  annum.  The  President  of  the  Board  receives  $7,000  per 
annum. 

Qualifications.  He  must  have  been  a  resident  of  the  county 
for  five  years  next  before  his  election,  and  have  the  qualifi- 
cations of  a  supervisor,  viz.:  be  a  legal  voter  of  the  district 


LIST  OF   ELECTIVE   OFFICERS,   COUNTY  75 

from  which  he  is  chosen,  and  have  been  a  resident  of  the 
city  or  country  outside,  as  the  case  may  be,  but  in  the  county 
for  one  year. 

Election.  On  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November, 
1908,  and  every  two  years  thereafter. 

Duties.  Take  the  oath  of  office  required  by  the  Constitution. 
They  constitute  the  legislative  governing  body  of  the  county, 
and  the  law  expressly  declares  that  they  "have  the  manage- 
ment of  its  affairs  in  the  manner  directed  by  law,  and  per- 
form the  same  duties,  exercise  the  same  powers,  and  are 
subject  to  the  same  rules  as  the  boards  of  supervisors  in 
other  counties,"  except  as  the  law  (which  is  full  and  detailed 
as  to  their  duties)  provides  otherwise. 

The  commissioner  elected  President  of  the  Board  is  the 
only  executive  head  of  the  county.  He  has  the  privilege 
of  voting  at  the  meetings  of  the  board  like  other  commission- 
ers but  he  does  not  have  a  casting  vote  upon  a  question  upon 
which  he  has  voted. 
County  Judge.  In  each  county  one  judge  is  elected  for  four  years. 
Their  courts  are  courts  of  record  and  they  have  jurisdiction 
of  all  matters  of  probate, -settlement  of  estates  of  deceased 
persons,  sale  of  real  estate  of  deceased  persons  to  pay 
debts,  appointment  of  guardians  and  conservators,  all  mat- 
ters relating  to  apprentices  and  proceedings  to  compel 
support  of  relatives  and  to  enforce  collection  of  taxes  and 
special  assessments,  and  of  all  cases  at  law  of  which  justices 
of  the  peace  may  have  jurisdiction,  where  the  amount 
claimed  or  value  of  property  sought  to  be  recovered  does 
not  exceed  $1,000. 

Salary  is  by  law  fixed  by  the  County  Board,  the  amount 
being  limited  by  the  Constitution  according  to  population 
of  the  county. 

In  Cook  Count\r,  this  judge  receives   $10,000  per  annum. 
Qualifications.     None  specified  save  those  for  county  officers 

generally.     (See  County  Surveyor.) 
Election.     On  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November, 
1910,  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 


76    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Duties.  To  preside  in  the  County  Court  of  his  county  and 
exercise  the  jurisdiction  given  it  by  law;  to  perform  certain 
duties  under  the  election  laws  relating  to  cities;  to  examine 
and  inquire  into  the  sufficiency  of  all  official  bonds  required 
by  law  to  be  filed,  including  bonds  of  executors,  adminis- 
trators, and  conservators. 
Probate  Judge.  The  Constitution  of  1870  by  Sec.  20  of  Art.  VI 
authorized  the  general  assembly  to  establish  probate  courts 
in  each  county  having  a  population  of  over  50,000;  said 
courts  to  have  original  jurisdiction  of  all  probate  matters, 
settlement  of  estates  of  deceased  persons,  appointment  of 
guardians,  and  conservators,  settlement  of  their  accounts, 
and  all  matters  of  apprenticeship  and  cases  of  sale  of  real 
estate  of  deceased  persons  to  pay  debts. 

By  act  of  April  27,  1877,  amended  by  act  of  May  21, 
1881,  the  legislature  established  in  each  county  of  the  State 
having  a  population  of  70,000  or  more,  a  court  called  "The 
Probate  Court  of   County." 

These  courts  have  been  established  in  the  following 
counties  which  have  the  required  population,  viz. : 

Cook,  Kane,  La  Salle,  Peoria,  Sangamon,  St.  Clair,  and 
Will.  In  other  counties  of  the  State  the  County  Courts 
exercise  this  jurisdiction. 

The  judge  holds  office  four  years.  Salary  is  fixed  by  the 
County  Board  within  the  limit  fixed  by  the  Constitution 
for  other  county  officers. 

In  Cook  County  this  judge  receives  $10,000  per  annum. 
Qualifications.     Same  as  County  Judge. 
Election.     On  Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  November,  1910, 

and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 
Duties.  To  take  and  subscribe  the  oath  of  office  prescribed 
by  the  Constitution,  and  file  same  with  the  Secretary  of 
State;  hold  court  from  day  to  day  until  all  business  before 
it  is  disposed  of,  and  exercise  the  jurisdiction  conferred  upon 
the  court  by  law.  He  may  not  act  as  attorney  for  or  against 
any  person  interested  in  the  estate  of  any  deceased  person 
when  the  administration  is  pending  in  his  court. 


LIST  OF   ELECTIVE  OFFICERS,   COUNTY  77 

Clerk  of  the  Probate  Court.  Holds  office  for  four  years.  Salary- 
is  fixed  by  the  County  Board  within  the  limits  fixed  by  the 
Constitution.  In  Cook  County  this  clerk  receives  $5,000  per 
annum. 

Qualifications.     Same  as  for  County  Surveyor. 

Election.  At  the  same  time  as  the  Probate  Judge,  viz.,  on 
Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November,  1910,  and  every 
fourth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  To  take  and  subscribe  the  oath  of  office  required  by 
the  Constitution;  give  bond  of  not  less  than  $5,000  (as 
the  judge  may  direct)  for  the  duties  of  his  office;  to  attend 
the  sessions  of  the  court,  issue  process,  preserve  the  files 
and  records  of  the  proceedings  of  the  court,  enter  its  judg- 
ments and  orders,  and  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be 
required  by  order  of  the  court. 


THE 
JUDICIAL  CIRCUITS 

As  Fiied  by 

T6e  General  Assembly 

April  V.  1897. 


78 


OTHER   JUDICIAL   OFFICERS   AND    CLERKS   OF 

COURTS 

Circuit  Court.  The  State  exclusive  of  Cook  County  is  divided  into 
seventeen  judicial  districts  or  circuits.  (Cook  County  being 
a  circuit  or  district  by  itself.)  Each  of  these  circuits  is  com- 
posed of  from  three  to  twelve  counties  and  in  each  of  the 
circuits  outside  of  Cook  County,  three  judges  of  the  Circuit 
Court  are  elected.  See  map  of  Judicial  Circuits  on  previous 
page. 

Judge  of  Circuit  Court.  Holds  office  six  years.  Salary  $3,500 
per  annum.  (Judges  elected  in  1909  and  thereafter  will 
receive  $5,000.)  Cook  County  pays  additional  compensa- 
tion to  its  Circuit  and  Superior  Court  Judges,  making  the 
total  salary  of  each  $10,000  per  annum. 
Qualifications.  He  must  be  at  least  twenty- five  years  of 
age,  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  must  have  resided 
in  this  State  five  years  next  before  his  election  and  be  a 
resident  of  the  circuit  for  which  he  is  elected. 
Election.  On  the  first  Monday  in  June,  1909,  and  every  sixth 
year  thereafter  three  judges  are  elected  in  each  circuit  out- 
side of  Cook  County,  and  fourteen  judges  of  that  court  in 
Cook  County. 
Duties.  Take  and  subscribe  the  oath  of  office;  attend  and 
hold  court  at  the  times  and  places  in  their  respective  circuits 
provided  by  law,  and  while  so  doing  exercise  the  civil  and 
criminal  jurisdiction  given  to  that  court  by  law. 

During  vacation,  that  is,  between  terms  of  this  court, 
they  may  hear  certain  causes  and  transact  certain  specified 
judicial  business. 

Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Cook  County.  This  court  was  creat- 
ed by  the  Constitution  of  1870  out  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
Chicago,  and  sits  in  Cook  County  only.  It  has  the  same 
jurisdiction  and  is  co-ordinate  in  that  county  with  the  Cir- 
cuit Courts  of  the  State.  There  are  now  twelve  judges  of  the 
Superior  Court. 

79 


80     VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AXD   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Hold  office  six  years.     Salary  same  as  Judge  of  Circuit 
Court  of  Cook  County. 

Qualifications.     Same  as  for  Circuit  Judge. 

Election.  Six  judges  are  elected  on  Tuesday  after  the  first 
Monday  in  November,  1910,  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter; 
four  judges  on  Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  November. 
1911,  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter;  one  judge  on  the  firet 
Tuesday  in  April,  1913,  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter; 
one  judge  on  first  Monday  in  Juiie,  1909,  and  every  sixth 
year  thereafter. 

Duties.     Are  the  same  as  those  of  judges  of  the  Circuit  Court 
above  given. 
Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Cook  County.      Holds    office    four 
years.     Salary  $5,000  per  annum,  to  be  paid  only  out  of  the 
fees  collected  by  his  office. 

Qualifications.  He  must  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
have  resided  in  the  State  one  year  next  before  his  election, 
and  be  at  the  time  a  resident  of  the  county. 

Election.  On  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber, 1908,  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  Same  in  his  county  as  to  that  court  as  the  duties  of  the 
Clerk  of  the  circuit  court  are  in  relation  to  the  circuit  court. 
Criminal  Court  of  Cook  County.  This  was  formerly  the  Recorder's 
Court  of  Cook  County  and  is  a  court  having  general  juris- 
diction of  criminal  cases  in  Cook  County  similar  to  that  exer- 
cised by  the  circuit  courts  outside  that  county,  but  it  is 
a  separate  court.  The  judges  are  chosen  from  among  the 
judges  of  the  Circuit  and  Superior  Courts  of  Cook  County. 
It  has  no  other  judges. 
Clerk  of  the  Criminal  Court  of  Cook  County.  Holds  office  for  four 
years.  Salary  $5,000  per  annum,  payable  only  out  of  the 
fees  collected  by  his  office. 

Qualifications.     Same  as  those  of  Clerk  of  Superior  Court. 

Election.  On  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in  Nov- 
ember, 1910,  and  every  four  years  thereafter. 

Duties.  Same  in  his  county  as  to  that  court  as  those  of  Clerk 
of  Circuit  Court  in  counties  other  than  Cook. 


LIST   OF   ELECTIVE   OFFICERS,   JUDICIAL  81 

Appellate  Court  of  Illinois.     The  State  of  Illinois  is  divided  by  a 

law  passed  by  the  legislature  in  1877,  under  the  Constitution 

of  1870,  into  four  Appellate  Court  Districts  and  four  Appellate 

Courts  were  created.     Each  court  in  held  by  three  of  the 

judges  of  the  Circuit  Courts  in  the  district  who  are  assigned 

for  the  duty  by  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  three  to 

each  district  for  a  term  of  three  years.     Two  terms  are  held 

in  each  district  each  year.     A  presiding  judge  is  chosen  in 

each  district  by  the  judges.     Two  judges  make  a  quorum, 

and  the  concurrence  of  two  is  necessary  to  a  decision. 

The  First  District     is  composed  of  the  county  of   Cook.     The 

judges  are  selected  by  the  Supreme  Court  from  the  judges  of  the 

Circuit  and  Superior  Courts  of  Cook  County.     In  this  district  there  is 

an  additional  Appellate  Court  called  the  Branch  Appellate  Court, 

the  judges  of  which  are  chosen  in  the  same  manner  as  judges  of  the 

Appellate  Court.     Court  sits  in  Chicago  on  first  Tuesdays  in  March 

and  October. 

Second  District.  Composed  of  the  counties  of  Boone,  Bureau, 
Carroll,  DeKalb,  DuPage,  Grundy,  Henderson,  Henry,  Iroquois, 
JoDaviess,  Kane,  Kankakee.  Kendall,  Knox,  Lake,  LaSalle,  Lee, 
Livingston,  Marshall,  McHenry,  Mercer,  Ogle,  Peoria,  Putnam, 
Rock  Island,  Stark,  Stephenson,  Warren,  Whiteside,  Will,  Winne- 
bago, and  Woodford. 

Court  sits  at  Ottawa,  LaSalle  County,  on  the  first  Tuesday  in 
April  and  October. 

Third  District.  Composed  of  the  counties  of  Adams,  Brown, 
Calhoun,  Cass,  Champaign,  Christian,  Clark,  Coles,  Cumberland, 
DeWitt,  Douglas,  Edgar,  Ford,  Fulton,  Greene,  Hancock,  Jersey, 
Logan,  Macon,  Macoupin,  Mason,  McDonough,  McLean,  Menard, 
Montgomery,  Morgan,  Moultrie,  Piatt,  Pike,  Sangamon,  Schuyler, 
Scott,  Shelby,  Tazewell,  and  Vermilion.  . 

Court  sits  at  Springfield,  Sangamon  County,  on  the  third  Tues- 
day in  May  and  November. 

Fourth  District.  Composed  of  the  counties  of  Alexander,  Bond, 
Clay,  Clinton,  Crawford,  Edwards,  Effingham,  Fayette,  Franklin, 
Gallatin,  Hamilton,  Hardin,  Jackson,  Jasper,  Jefferson,  Johnson, 
Lawrence,  Madison,VMarion,  Massac/ Monroe,  Perry," Pope,' Pulaski, 


82     VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Randolph,  Richland,  Saline,  St.  Clair,  Union,  Wabash,  Washington, 
Wayne,  White,  and  Williamson. 

Court  sits  at  Mt.  Vernon,  Jefferson  County,  on  the  fourth  Tues- 
day in  February  and  August. 

Clerk  of  the  Appellate   Court  of  Illinois.     One  is  elected  in  each 
district.     He  holds  office  for  six  years.     No   salary,  but  he 
is  paid  by  fees  fixed  by  law  to  be  paid  by  litigants. 
Qualifications.     He  must  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
have  resided  in  the  State  one  year  next  before  his  election, 
and  be  at  the  time  a  resident  of  the  district  for  which  he 
is  elected. 
Election.     On  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber, 1908,  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter  in  each  Appellate 
Court  District. 
Duties.     To  take  and  subscribe  an  oath  of  office  prescribed 
by  the  Appellate  Court    act,  give  a  bond  of  not  less  than 
$5,000,  pay  over,  and  account  for  moneys  coming  into  his 
hands,  and  perform  the  duties  usually  devolving  upon  clerks 
of  the  courts  of  record  in  this  State. 
The    Supreme    Court.      The     Supreme    Court    consists    of    seven 
judges,  elected  for  a  term  of  nine  years,  one  from  each  of 
the  seven  districts  into  which  the  State  is  divided  as  fol- 
lows : 
First  District.     The  counties  of  St.  Clair,  Clinton,  Washington, 
Jefferson,  Wayne,  Edwards,  Wabash,  White,  Hamilton,  Franklin. 
Perry,  Randolph,    Monroe,   Jackson,   Williamson,   Saline,  Gallatin. 
Hardin,  Pope,  Union,  Johnson,  Alexander,  Pulaski,  and  Massac. 

Second  District.  The  counties  of  Madison,  Bond,  Marion,  Clay. 
Richland,  Lawrence,  Crawford,  Jasper,  Effingham,  Fayette,  Mont- 
gomery, Macoupin,  Shelby,  Cumberland,  Clark,  Greene,  Jersey. 
Calhoun,  Christian,  Pike,  and  Scott. 

Third  District.  The  counties  of  Sangamon,  Macon,  Logan. 
DeWitt,  Piatt,  Douglas,  Champaign,  Vermilion,  McLean,  Livingston. 
Ford,  Iroquois,  Coles,  Edgar,  Moultrie,  and  Tazewell. 

Fourth  District.  The  counties  of  Rock  Island,  Mercer,  Warren. 
Henderson,  Fulton,  McDonough,  Hancock,  Schuyler,  Brown,  Ad- 
ams, Mason,  Menard,  Morgan,  and  Cass. 


LIST  OF   ELECTIVE  OFFICERS,   JUDICIAL  83 

Fifth  District.  The  counties  of  Knox,  Henry,  Stark,  Peoria, 
Marshall,  Putnam,  Bureau,  LaSalle,  Grundy,  and  Woodford. 

Sixth  District.  The  counties  of  Whiteside,  Carroll,  JoDaviess, 
Stephenson,  Winnebago,  Boone,  McHenry,  Kane,  Kendall,  DuKalb, 
Lee,  and  Ogle. 

Seventh  District.  The  counties  of  Lake,  Cook,  Will,  Kankakee, 
and  DuPage. 

The  election  is  held  in  June  of  the  year  in  which  any  term  expires. 
The  State  was  formerly  divided  into  three  grand  divisions, 
Southern,  Central,  and  Northern,  in  which  the  terms  of  the  court 
were  held,  with  one  clerk  for  each  of  the  three  grand  divisions,  elected 
for  a  term  of  six  years,  the  court  sitting  at  Mt.  Vernon,  Springfield, 
and  Ottawa.  In  1897,  the  three  grand  divisions  of  the  Supreme 
Court  were  consolidated  into  one,  comprising  the  entire  State,  and 
provision  was  made  that  all  terms  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  here- 
after be  held  in  the  city  of  Springfield,  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  Octo- 
ber, December,  February,  April,  and  June  of  each  year. 

The  chief  justice  is  chosen  by  the  court,  annually,  at  the  June 
term.  The  rule  of  the  court  is  to  select  as  successor  to  the  presid- 
ing judge,  the  judge  next  in  order  of  seniority  who  has  not  served 
as  chief  justice  within  six  years  last  past. 

Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois.  Holds  office  nine  years. 
Salary  $10,000  per  annum  to  those  elected  since  1905,  and 
$7,000  to  those  elected  before  1906. 
Qualifications.  He  must  be  thirty  years  of  age,  a  citizen  of 
the  United  States,  and  have  resided  in  this  State  for  five 
years  next  preceding  his  election,  and  be  a  resident  of  the 
Supreme  Court  District  for  which  he  is  elected. 
Election.  One  judge  in  each  of  the  first,  second,  third,  sixth, 
and  seventh  districts  on  the  first  Monday  in  June,  191.").  and 
every  ninth  year  thereafter.  One  judge  in  the  fourth  dis- 
trict first  Monday  in  June,  1912,  and  every  ninth  year  there- 
after. One  judge  in  the  fifth  district  on  the  first  Monday 
in  June,  1909,  and  every  ninth  year  thereafter. 
Duties.  Take  and  subscribe  an  oath  of  office;  sit  with  and 
take  part  in  the  proceedings  of  the  court  when  in  session. 
During  vacation  and  between  terms  each  judge  has  power 


84    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

to  make  certain  orders,  stay  execution  of  judgment  or  sen- 
tence, and  admit  to  bail  pending  appeal  or  writ  of  error  to 
that  court.  Each  judge  may  appoint  a  private  secretary. 
Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois.  Holds  office  for  six  years. 
No  salary,  but  is  allowed  fees  fixed  by  law  to  be  paid  by 
litigants. 

Qualifications.     Same  as  those  of  Clerk  of  Appellate  Court. 

Election.  On  the  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in  Nov- 
ember, 1908,  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  Take  and  subscribe  an  oath  of  office  prescribed  by 
law;  give  bond  to  perform  the  duties  of  his  office;  keep 
his  office  at  the  place  of  holding  said  court;  attend  to  his 
duties  from  8:00  a.  m.  to  6:00  p.  m.  each  working  day;  issue 
process  as  provided  by  law,  and  keep  all  the  files,  papers, 
and  records  of  the  court,  also  enter  its  judgments,  orders,  and 
decrees  as  soon  as  practicable  and  before  the  term  next  after 
they  were  made,  and  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be 
require  1  by  law  or  the  orders  of  the  court. 


STATE   GOVERNMENT 

By  the  Constitution,  the  powers  of  the  government  of  this  State 
are  exercised  by  three  distinct  departments,  the  Legislative,  Execu- 
tive, and  Judicial,  and  no  person  or  collection  of  persons  being  or 
forming  one  of  these  departments,  shall  exercise  any  power  properly 
belonging  to  either  of  the  others,  except  as  the  Constitution  may 
expressly  direct  or  permit. 

ELECTIVE  OFFICERS  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT 
OF  THE  STATE  GOVERNMENT 

Members  of  the  General  Assembly.  The  assembly  is  the  legisla- 
tive department  of  the  State  government.  It  is  composed 
of  two  bodies,  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives. 
For  the  purpose  of  election  of  members  of  these  two  houses, 
the  State  is  divided  into  fifty-one  districts,  called  Senatorial 
Districts;  each  district  contains  about  the  same  number  of 
inhabitants.  One  senator  and  three  representatives  are 
elected  from  each  district.  The  Senate  is  composed  of  fifty- 
one  members  and  the  House  of  Representatives  of  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty-three  members.  The  'senators  are  elected  for 
four  ;y  ears,  the  representatives  for  two  years  The  represen- 
tatives and  one-half  of  the  senators  are  elected  every  two 
years.  The  senators  from  the  even-numbered  ^districts  will 
be  elected  in  1908,  and  from  the  odd-numbered  districts  in 
1910.  The  maps  showing  the  senatorial  districts  will  be 
found  on  page  86  and  87. 


85 


MAP  OF 

ILLINOIS 

SMC.   NO 

SENATORIAL  APPORTIONMENT 
1901 

COOK  COUNTY  UlSTMCTS. 
1st.  2nd,  3rd,  4-th,  5th,  6th,  7th, 
9th,   nth,   13th,    15th,   17th,  19th, 
2Ut.  23rd.  25th,  27th,  29th  and  3lst 


The  23d  district  al- 
so includes  the  vil- 
lage of  Oak  Park. 


The  19th  district 
also  includes  the 
village  of  Ber- 
wyn  and  the  town 
ot  .Riverside. 


The  Ttta  district  is  composed 
of, the  towns  of  Thornton, 
Bloom,  Rich,  Bremen,  Or- 
land.  Lemont,  Palos. Worth, 
Lyons,  Stickney,  Proviso, 
Leyden.Elk  Grove,  Schaum- 
terg.  Hanover,  Barrington, 
Palatine.  Wheeling,  North- 
Meld;  that  partof  the  town 
of  New  Trier  lying  outside 
of  thecity  of  Evanston  that 
part  of  the  town  of  Niles 
lying  outside  of  the  city  of 
Chicago  and  outside  of  the 
city  of  Evanston.  and  those 
parts  of  the  towns  of  Nor- 
wood Park  and  Maine  lying 
outside  the  city  of  Chicago. 


Map  Showing 

Cool  Comity  Senatorial 


Lying  wholly  or  partlv  within  the 
City  of  Chicago  and  Town  of  Cicero 
as  Apportioned  t>v  the  42d  General 
Assembly     In  force  July  1,  l'JUl. 

Tissued  by  Board  of  Election  Com- 
missioners of  the  City  of  Chicago 
April,  Ja02.] 


88    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Members  of  the  State  Senate.  Hold  office  for  four  years.  Those 
representing  districts  having  even  numbers  are  to  be  elected 
by  the  voters  in  their  several  districts  in  1908,  and  those 
representing  districts  having  odd  numbers  are  to  be  elected 
in  1910.  Salary  $1,000  for  each  session,  ten  cents  per  mile 
for  mileage  expenseSj  and  $50  per  session  for  postage,  etc. 

Qualifications.  The  senator  must  be  twenty-five  years  of 
age,  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  a  resident  of  the 
State  for  five  years,  and  of  the  district  for  two  years  next 
before  his  election.  No  person  holding  any  lucrative  office 
in  the  United  States,  State,  or  county,  or  under  any  foreign 
government,  can  have  a  seat  in  the  assembly,  but  offices  in 
the  militia,  and  those  of  notary  public  and  justice  of  the  peace 
are  held  not  to  be  lucrative  offices.  No  person  convicted  of 
crime,  bribery,  or  perjury,  or  who  has  not  accounted  for  and 
paid  over  according  to  law  public  moneys  coming  to  him 
while  holding  office,  is  eligible  to  the  General  Assembly. 

Election.  On  the  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in 
November,  1908,  senators  will  be  elected  in  each  senatorial 
district  having  even  numbers;  and  on  the  same  day  in  1910 
senators  will  be  elected  in  each  of  the  districts  having  odd 
numbers. 

Duties.  Take  and  subscribe  an  oath  of  office  required  for  this 
office,  attend  and  take  part  in  all  proceedings  of  the  General 
Assembly.  They  are  free  from  arrest  during  the  session  of 
the  assembly  and  in  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same, 
and  they  cannot  be  questioned  in  any  other  place  for  any 
speech  or  debate  in  the  assembly.  They  cannot  hold  any 
civil  appointment  during  the  term  for  which  they  are 
elected.  They  shall  not  be  interested  in  any  contract  with 
the  State  or  any  county  during  the  time  for  which  they 
are  elected  and  for  one  year  after  its  expiration. 
Members  of  the  House  of  Representatives.  They  hold  office  for 
two  years.  Compensation  same  as  that  of  senator.  Three 
are  elected  from  each  district.  At  each  election  each  voter 
may  cast  as  many  votes  for  any  candidate  as  there  are  repre- 
sentatives to  be  elected.     In  other  words,  he  may  cast  one 


ELECTIVE  OFFICERS,   STATE  89 

vote  for  each  of  three  candidates  for  representatives,  or  one 
and  one-half  votes  for  each  of  any  two  candidates,  or  three 
votes  for  any  one.  This  is  called  the  cumulative  or  minority 
system  of  voting  for  representatives. 

Qualifications.  A  representative  must  be  twenty-one  years 
of  age,  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  have  been  a  resident 
of  the  State  for  five  years,  and  a  resident  of  the  district  in 
which  he  is  elected  for  two  years  next  before  his  election. 
No  person  holding  any  lucrative  office  in  the  United  States, 
State,  or  county,  or  under  any  foreign  government,  can  have 
a  seat  in  the  assembly,  but  offices  in  the  militia,  and  those  of 
notary  public  and  justice  of  the  peace  are  held  not  to  be 
lucrative  offices.  No  person  convicted  of  crime,  bribery,  or 
perjury,  or  who  has  not  accounted  for  and  paid  over  accord- 
ing to  law  public  moneys  coming  to  him  while  holding  office, 
is  eligible  to  the  General  Assembly. 

Election.  On  the  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  of  No- 
vember, 1908,  three  representatives  are  to  be  elected  in  each 
of  the  senatorial  districts,  and  every  second  year  thereafter. 

Duties.     Are  similar  to  those  of  senator. 


ELECTIVE  OFFICERS  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT 
OF  THE  STATE  GOVERNMENT 

Trustees  of  the  University  of  Illinois.  There  are  nine  elective 
trustees  of  this  University.  The  law  declares  that  they  shall 
receive  no  compensation.  They  hold  office  for  six  years 
from  the  second  Tuesday  of  March  next  after  their  election; 
three  are  chosen  in  1908  and  three  every  second  year  there- 
after. The  Governor,  President  of  the  State  Board  of  Agri- 
culture, and  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  are 
ex  officio  trustees. 

Qualifications.  Must  be  citizens  of  the  United  States  and 
have  resided  in  the  State  one  year  next  before  election. 

Election.  On  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November, 
1908,  and  every  second  year  thereafter,  three  trustees  are 
elected,  to  be  voted  for  on  the  same  ballot  as  the  State 
officers. 

Duties.  Have  the  management  and  control  of  the  University 
and  its  affairs,  and  exercise  all  powers  given  by  the  act  to 
organize  the  University,  approved  February  28,  1867.  To 
establish  a  chemical  and  biological  survey  of  the  waters  of 
the  State,  publish  the  results  of  these  investigations  in  annual 
reports,  or  oftener,  and  make  report  to  the  Governor  just 
before  each  regular  session  of  the  General  Assembly  of  their 
acts  and  doings  for  each  fiscal  year  separately. 
Members  of  the  State  Board  of  Equalization.  One  member  of  this 
board  is  elected  from  each  congressional  district.  Term  of 
office,  four  years.  Compensation  $5.00  per  day  during 
sessions  of  the  board,  ten  cents  per  mile  for  mileage  ex- 
penses, and  ten  dollars  for  each  session  for  postage  and 
stationery. 

Qualifications.  He  shall  be  an  elector  in  the  congressional 
district  for  which  he  is  elected. 

Election.  On  the  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in  No- 
vember, 1908,  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

90 


ELECTIVE  OFFICERS,   STATE  91 

Duties.  Each  member  shall  take  the  oath  prescribed  by  the 
Constitution.  At  the  first  meeting  of  the  board  after  the 
election,  it  shall  organize,  select  a  chairman,  and  appoint  a 
secretary.  The  board  must  meet  at  the  State  capitol  on 
the  second  Tuesday  in  August,  annually,  and  examine  the 
abstracts  of  assessments  of  property  in  the  several  counties 
and  equalize  the  assessments,  considering  different  classes 
of  property  separately;  to  assess  the  capital  stock  of  cor- 
porations (except  companies  for  manufacturing,  mercantile, 
mining,  printing,  publishing,  or  stock  breeding) ;  also  assess 
railroad  property  and  the  capital  stock  of  railroads  and 
telegraphs,  and  publish  annual  reports  of  their  proceedings. 

Auditor  of  Public  Accounts.  He  holds  office  for  four  years  from 
the  second  Monday  of  January  next  after  his  election.  Sal- 
ary now  S3, 500  per  year;  after  year  1908,  the  sum  of  $7,500 
per  year. 
Qualifications.  Shall  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and 
shall  have  resided  in  the  State  one  year  next  preceding  his 
election,  and  shall  not  be  eligible  to  any  other  office  during 
the  period  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected. 
Election.  On  the  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in  No- 
vember, 1908,  and  every  four  years  thereafter. 
Duties.  To  take  and  subscribe  to  the  oath  of  office  prescribed 
by  law;  give  bond  with  two  sureties  for  $50,000  for  the  faith- 
ful discharge  of  his  duties;  to  reside  at  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment during  his  term  of  office;  to  keep  an  official  seal,  to  be 
used  as  required  by  law  in  all  papers  certified  in  his  office; 
to  keep  an  account  of  his  State  with  other  States  and  public 
officers  and  individuals;  audit  all  accounts  of  public  officers; 
to  issue  warrants  on  the  treasury  for  all  moneys  due  from  the 
State;  to  cause  suit  to  be  brought  in  cases  where  the  State  is 
plaintiff;  to  have  custody  of  all  records  pertaining  to  the  public 
lands,  and  to  make  reports  to  the  Governor  semiannually 
and  ten  days  before  each  regular  session  of  the  assembly. 

State  Treasurer.  He  holds  office  for  two  years.  Salary  of  present 
incumbent,  $3,500  per  annum;  after  1908,  incumbent  will 
receive  $10,000  per  annum. 


92    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Qualifications.  Shall  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and 
shall  have  resided  in  the  State  one  year  next  preceding  his 
election.  He  is  not  eligible  to  this  office  for  two  years  next 
after  the  term  for  which  he  was  elected. 

Election.  On  the  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in  No- 
vember, 1908,  and  every  two  years  thereafter. 

Duties.  To  take  and  subscribe  to  the  oath  of  office  required 
by  law;  to  give  bond  with  two  sureties  for  $500,000,  for  the 
faithful  discharge  of  his  duties,  and  to  give  additional  bond 
if  the  Governor  requires;  keep  an  official  seal;  to  receive  and 
keep  the  revenues  and  other  public  moneys  of  the  State;  to 
give  duplicate  receipts  therefor;  to  pay  warrants  on  the 
treasury  issued  by  the  Auditor;  to  keep  regular  and  fair 
accounts  of  moneys  received  and  paid  by  him ;  make  monthly 
settlements  of  the  same  with  the  Auditor,  and  a  full  report 
to  the  Governor  of  all  moneys  received  and  paid,  and  of  the 
business  of  his  office,  ten  days  before  the  regular  session  of 
the  assembly.  He  shall  reside  at  the  seat  of  government 
during  his  term  of  office. 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  Holds  office  for  four  years, 
beginning  the  second  Monday  in  January  next  after  his  elec- 
tion. Salary  now  $3,500  per  annum;  after  year  1908,  the 
sum  of  $7,500  per  annum. 

Qualifications.  Shall  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and 
shall  have  resided  in  the  State  one  year  next  preceding  his 
election,  and  shall  not  be  eligible  to  any  other  office  during 
the  period  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected. 

Election.  On  the  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in  No- 
vember in  1910,  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  To  take  and  subscribe  the  oath  of  office;  give  bond 
for  the  discharge  of  his  duties.  He  must  reside  at  the  seat 
of  government  during  his  term  of  office,  and  keep  the  records, 
books,  and  papers  of  his  office  there  and  perform  such  duties 
as  may  be  prescribed  by  law;  keep  an  account  of  all  public 
moneys  received  or  paid  out  by  him,  and  report  to  the  Gov- 
ernor ten  days  before  each  regular  session  of  the  assembly, 
also  to  supervise  all  public  and  common  schools  in  the  State> 


ELECTIVE  [OFFICERS,    STATE  93 

and  advise  and  assist  the  County  Superintendents  of  Schools. 
Special  powers  are  given  to  him  by  law  in  detail  in  relation 
to  the  public  schools,  and  the  school  system  of  the  State. 

Attorney-General.  He  holds  office  for  four  years  from  the  second 
Monday  in  January  next  after  his  election.  Salary  now 
S3, 500  per  year;  after  year  1908,  the  sum  of  $10,000  per 
year. 
Qualifications.  Shall  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
shall  have  resided  in  the  State  one  year  next  preceding  his 
election,  and  shall  not  be  eligible  to  any  other  office  during 
the  period  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected. 
Election.      On  the  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in 

November,  1908,  and  every  four  years  thereafter. 
Duties.  To  take  and  subscribe  the  oath  of  office  prescribed 
by  law;  to  give  bond  with  good  sureties  for  the  sum  of 
$10,000  for  the  performances  of  his  duties,  and  give  addi- 
tional bond  when  the  Governor  requires;  to  reside  at  the 
seat  of  government  during  his  term  of  office;  to  keep  there 
'"he  records,  books,  and  papers  of  his  office;  to  institute  and 
prosecute  all  suits  and  proceedings  in  favor  of  the  State,  and 
defend  all  such  as  are  brought  against  any  State  officer  in  any 
court;  consult  with  and  advise  the  several  States  Attorneys, 
and  with  the  Governor,  and  other  State  officers;  give 
written  opinions  upon  all  legal  questions  relating  to  the  duties 
of  such  officers;  prepare  contracts  and  other  writings  in  mat- 
ters in  which  the  State  is  interested;  to  give  opinions  to 
the  General  Assembly  or  either  branch,  or  any  committee 
thereof;  to  keep  proper  registers  of  cases  brought  or  de- 
fended. He  shall  prosecute  suits  for  the  dissolution  of 
corporations;  pass  on  the  by-laws  of  building  and  loan 
associations;  make  semiannual  reports  to  the  Governor 
of  all  receipts  and  disbursements,  and  similar  reports  ten 
days  before  the  regular  session  of  the  assembly. 

Secretary  of  State.  He  holds  office  for  four  years  from  the  second 
Monday  in  January  next  after  his  election.  Salary  now 
$3,500  per  annum;  after  year  1908  the  sum  of»S7,500  per 
annum. 


94    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Qualifications.  Shall  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
shall  have  resided  in  the  State  one  year  next  preceding  his 
election,  and  shall  not  be  eligible  to  any  other  office  during 
the  period  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected. 

Election.  On  the  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in  Nov- 
ember, 1908,  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  To  take  and  subscribe  the  oath  of  office  prescribed 
by  law;  to  give  bond  with  two  sureties  for  the  sum  of  $100,000 
for  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties;  to  reside  at  the  seat 
of  government  during  his  term  of  office;  to  keep  the  Great 
Seal  of  the  State  and  affix  it  to  documents  required  by  law; 
to  keep  the  public  records,  books,  and  papers  there;  to  keep 
an  account  of  all  moneys  received,  or  disbursements  made  by 
him,  from  all  sources;  to  make  semi-annual  reports  thereof  to 
the  Governor  under  oath  and  also  to  report,  to  the  Governor  ten 
days  before  each  regular  session  of  the  assembly;  and  per- 
form such  other  duties  as  have  been  or  may  be  required  by  law. 
Lieutenant-Governor.  Holds  office  four  years.  Takes  office  second 
Monday  in  January  following  election.  Salary  now  $1,000 
per  year;  after  year  1908,  the  sum  of  $2,500  per  year.  When 
powers  and  duties  of  Governor  devolve  on  Lieutenant- 
Governor,  he  shall  during  such  emergency  be  entitled  to  the 
emoluments  of  Governor. 

Qualifications.  The  qualifications  for  this  office  are  the  same 
as  for  that  of  Governor. 

Election.  He  is  elected  at  the  same  time  and  for  the  same 
term  as  the  Governor. 

Duties.  He  is  the  President  of  the  Senate,  but  votes  only  when 
the  Senate  is  equally  divided.  In  case  of  the  death,  convic- 
tion or  impeachment,  resignation,  absence  from  the  State, 
or  other  disability  of  the  Governor,  the  powers  and  duties 
of  the  office  of  Governor  devolve  upon  the  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor until  the  Governor's  disability  is  removed. 
Governor.  The  supreme  executive  power  is  vested  in  the  Gov- 
ernor, who  holds  office  for  four  years  from  the  second  Monday 
in  January  following  his  election.  Salary  now  $6,000  per 
year;  after  year  1908,  incumbent  receives  $12,000  per  annum. 


ELECTIVE   OFFICERS,   STATE  do 

Qualifications.  He  must  be  thirty  years  of  age,  and  have 
been  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  this  State  for  five 
years  preceding  his  election.  He  is  not  eligible  to  any  other 
office  during  the  period  for  which  he  shall  be  elected. 

Election.  On  Tuesday  next  after  first  Monday  in  November, 
1908,  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  He  must  reside  at  the  capital  of  the  State,  take  care 
that  the  laws  are  faithfully  executed;  by  message  to  the 
General  Assembly  at  the  beginning  of  each  session,  and  at 
the  closing  of  his  term  of  office  give  them  information  of  the 
condition  of  the  State  and  recommend  such  measures  as  he 
deems  expedient;  to  account  to  the  General  Assembly  for 
all  moneys  received  and  paid  out  by  him;  present  estimates 
of  the  amounts  required  to  be  raised  by  taxation  for  all  pur- 
poses; convene  the  General  Assembly  on  extraordinary 
occasions  by  general  proclamation;  in  case  of  disagreement 
between  the  two  houses  as  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he 
may  adjourn  the  General  Assembly  to  such  time  as  he  thinks 
proper,  not  beyond  the  first  day  of  the  next  regular  session. 
He  shall  nominate,  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  appoint  all  officers  whose  offices  are  established  by 
the  Constitution,  or  which  are  created  by  law,  and  whose 
appointment  or  election  is  not  otherwise  provided  for;  to 
make  temporary  appointments  to  fill  vacancies  in  the  nomi- 
native offices;  to  command  the  militia,  and  naval  forces  of 
the  State  and  to  call  out  the  same  to  execute  the  laws;  to 
issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  vacancies  in  elective  offices.  He 
has  the  power  to  remove  for  cause  any  officer  whom  he  may 
appoint  and  declare  any  such  office  vacant.  He  may  grant 
reprieves  and  pardons.  He  may  approve  and  sign,  or  veto 
(from  the  Latin,  meaning  to  forbid)  any  bill  passed  by  the 
General  Assembly  and  exercise  other  powers  and  duties 
placed  upon  the  Governor  by  law. 


ELECTIVE   OFFICERS    OF    THE    GOVERNMENT    OF 

THE   UNITED   STATES 

Departments.  The  Federal  Government  consists  of  three  divisions 
or  departments:  Legislative,  Executive,  and  Judicial.  The 
Judicial  offices  are  filled  by  appointment  only.  The  Leg- 
islative and  Executive  officers  are  elective,  but  only  the 
members  of  the  National  House  of  Representatives  (who  are 
called  Congressmen)  are  elected  directly  by  the  people. 
There  are  two  indirect  systems  provided  for  the  choice  of 
the  other  Legislative  and  Executive  officers  of  the  Federal 
Government:  one  by  the  election  of  persons  called  Presi- 
dential Electors  who,  after  they  are  chosen,  meet  and  choose 
by  ballot  the  President  and  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States;  the  other  provides  for  the  election  of  members  of 
the  Senate  of  the  United  States  by  the  legislatures  of  the 
respective  States  they  represent. 

ELECTIVE  OFFICERS    LEGISLATIVE   DEPARTMENT 

This  is  called  the  Congress  and  is  composed  of  two  bodies, 
the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives.  The  Senate 
consists  of  two  Senators  from  each  State  of  the  Union 
(of  which  there  are  now  forty-six),  making  the  Senate  a 
body  composed  of  ninety- two  members.  The  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives consists  of  members  elected  for  a  term  of  two 
years  directly  by  the  vote  of  the  people.  The  present  Con- 
gress is  the  sixtieth  since  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution. 
The  sixty-first  will  be  elected  in  November,  1908,  and  hold 
office  from  March  4,  1909. 

Each  State  is  divided  by  what  is  called  the  "congressional 
apportionment, "  the  last  of  which  was  made  in  1901,  into  dis- 
tricts supposed  to  be  of  about  the  same  size,  and  each  to 
contain  as  nearly  as  possible  about  the  same  number  of  in- 
habitants. In  some  of  the  States,  such  as  Nevada,  Delaware, 
Idaho,  Montana,  Utah,  and  Wyoming,  the  population  is  of 

96 


ELECTIVE  OFFICERS,   NATIONAL  97 

a  size  to  admit  of  only  one  Representative  in  Congress,  and 
each  of  those  States  forms  one  district.  The  total  number 
of  Representatives  under  the  last  census  being  386,  the  ratio 
of  population  represented  by  each  member  is  194,182. 
Oklahoma  was  admitted  in  1907  as  the  forty-sixth  State, 
and  is  entitled  to  five  Representatives,  making  the  present 
number  391.  Each  of  the  Territories,  viz.:  Arizona, 
New  Mexico,  and  Hawaii,  is  represented  in  the  lower  House 
of  Congress  by  a  Delegate,  and  Porto  Rico  by  a  Resident 
Commissioner,  all  of  whom  are  admitted  to  the  floor  of  the 
House  and  take  part  in  its  deliberations,  but  have  no  vote. 
The  State  of  Illinois  is  entitled,  under  the  apportionment 
of  1901,  to  twenty- five  Representatives  in  Congress,  and 
is  divided  into  twenty-five  districts,  of  which  nine  lie  wholly 
in  Cook  County,  and  a  tenth  is  composed  of  Lake  and  part 
of  Cook. 

The  boundaries  of  these  districts  are  shown  by  maps  found 
on  pages  98  and  99. 

Members    of    the    House    of    Representatives  of  the  United  States 
from   Illinois.      These   hold    office   for   two    years.     Salary 
$7,500  and  actual  traveling  expenses  from  home  to  capital 
and  return,  once  each  session  of  the  House. 
Qualifications.     They  must  be  twenty-five  years  of  age,  have 
been  citizens  of  the  United  States  seven  years  before  election, 
and  when  elected  must  reside  in  the  State  from  which  they 
are  elected. 
Election.     On  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in  Nov- 
ember, 1908,  and  every  second  year  thereafter  —  one  from 
each  Congressional  District. 
Duties.     To  attend  each  regular  and  special  session  of  Con- 
gress at  the  Capital  of  the  United  States  and  take  part  in 
its  deliberations. 

Senators  of  the  United  States.  Illinois  is  entitled  to  two  members 
of  the  Senate  who  hold  office  for  six  years  from  March  fol- 
lowing their  election.  They  are  elected  by  the  General 
Assembly  of  this  State.  Under  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  a  majority  of  both  Houses  of  the   General  Assembly 


ILLINOIS    CONGRESSIONAL    DISTRICTS. 


CS^U 


k  t       Trieran  1  Xorthfield  and 
~C      Lake  count/. 


»««»'  ~tj  «fl^T^ 


The  7th  district  »lso  imeUidee 
towns  of  HaDOifr.  Schaum- 
berg.  Elk  Grove.  Maine.  Uj- 
den.  Baxrinirton.  Palatine. 
Wheeling  aod  Norwood  Park. 


t+r    /KOXPJ-/V 


The  fith  district  al- 
so includes  towns 
of  Proviso.  River- 
side, Stickney  and 
Lyons  and  vil- 
lages of  Oak  Park 
and  Berwyn. 


Heavy  black  lines 
and  figures  indi- 
cate boundaries 
and  numbers  of 
congressional  dis- 
tricts. Light  black 
lines  and  figures 
indicate  bounda- 
ries oiid  numbers 
vf  wards. 


Map  Showing 

Cool  County  Cocf  essional 
Districts 

Lying  wholly  or  partly  within  the 
City  of  Chican6  and  Town  of  Cicero, 
as  Apportioned  by  the  42d  General 
Assembly.    In  force  July  1,  1901. 

[Issued  by  Board  of  Election  Com- 
missioners of  the  Cuy  of  Cbicairo, 
April,  1902.| 


The  Id  district  al- 
so Includes  towns 
of  Lemont,  Palo*, 
Worth,  Thornton, 
Orland.  Bremen. 
Rich,  Bloom  aod 
Calumet. 


99 


100    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

must  concur  in  the  election.  Salary  $5,000.  Those  elected 
after  March  4,  1907,  receive  $7,500. 

Qualifications.  They  must  be  thirty  years  of  age,  have  been 
citizens  of  the  United  States  for  nine  years,  and  when  elected 
must  reside  in  the  State  from  which  they  are  chosen. 

Election.  The  next  election  of  a  Senator  in  Illinois  takes 
place  at  the  meeting  of  the  General  Assembly  of  this  State 
in  January,  1909,  and  following  that,  in  January,  1913. 

Duties.  To  attend  all  special  and  regular  sessions  of  the  Con- 
gress and  take  part  in  its  deliberations. 

ELECTIVE  OFFICERS   EXECUTIVE   DEPARTMENT 

Electors  of  the  President  and  Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 
One  Elector  from  each  Congressional  District  in  Illinois, 
and  two  Electors  from  the  State  at  large  are  chosen  on  a 
general  ticket  every  four  years.  (The  State  being  entitled 
under  the  Federal  Constitution  to  as  many  Electors  as  it 
has  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress.) 

Qualifications.  They  must  be  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
have  resided  one  year  in  this  State,  and  reside  in  the  district 
from  which  they  are  nominated.  They  cannot  hold  any 
other  office  of  honor  or  profit  under  this  State,  and  no  officer 
of  the  United  States  can  be  chosen  or  appointed  an  elector. 

Election.  On  the  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in  Nov- 
ember, 1908,  and  every  fourth  year  thereafter. 

Duties.  The  electors  chosen  meet  at  the  seat  of  government 
of  this  State  on  the  second  Monday  of  January  after  their 
election,  and  cast  their  ballots  for  President  and  for  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States  separately;  one  of  whom,  at 
least,  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State  as  them- 
selves, for  a  term  of  four  years,  beginning  on  the  fourth  day 
of  March  succeeding  the  date  when  the  electors  were  elected. 
This  vote  is  counted,  three  lists  made  of  all  persons  voted 
for,  and  the  votes  received  by  each  certified,  signed,  and 
transmitted  by  the  electors,  one  by  mail  and  one  by  the 
hand  of  one  of  their  number,  to  the  President  of  the  United 


ELECTIVE   OFFICERS,   NATIONAL  101 

States  Senate,  and  the  third  list  is  deposited  with  the  Judge 
of  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the  district  in  which 
the  electors  are  assembled.  On  the  second  Wednesday  of 
February  following,  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  meet  in  joint  session  and  count  the  votes 
of  the  electors  of  this  and  other  States  and  declare  the  result. 

ELECTION  OF  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  BY 
THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES 

In  case  no  one  receives  the  required  majority  of  the  votes  of 
the  presidential  electors  for  President,  the  election  then  goes  into 
the  House  of  Representatives,  which  must  choose  a  President  from 
among  the  three  persons  securing  the  highest  number  of  votes  of 
the  presidential  electors.  The  voting  in  the  House  must  be  done 
by  States,  each  State  having  but  one  vote.  The  vote  of  a  majority 
of  the  States  is  necessary  for  a  choice.  If  the  House  does  not  make 
a  choice  before  the  fourth  day  of  March  following  the  meeting  of 
the  electors,  being  the  date  when  the  Congress  expires,  the  person 
selected  for  Vice-President  must  act  as  President. 

In  case  there  is  no  election  of  President  or  Vice-President,  or 
in  case  of  the  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inability  of  both  the 
President  and  Vice-President,  then  the  Secretary  of  State  acts  as 
President,  with  succession  to  the  following  officers:  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  Secretary  of  War,  Attorney-General,  Postmaster- 
General,  .Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  Secre- 
tary of  Agriculture,  and  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor  in  the 
order  namecf.  The  acting  President,  in  case  Congress  is  not  in  ses- 
sion at  the  time  of  the  vacancy,  must  call  a  special  session  of  the 
Congress,  giving  twenty  days'  notice. 

ELECTION  OF  VICE-PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 
BY  THE  SENATE, 
If  no  person  receives  a  majority  of  the  votes  of  the  presidential 
electors  for  Vice-President,  the  Senate  must  select  one  from  the  two 
persons  having  the  highest  number  of  votes  on  the  list  of  those 
voted  for  by  the  electors.  Two-thirds  of  the  whole  number  of  the 
senators  must  be  present  and  the  majority  of  the  whole  number  is 
necessary  for  a  choice. 


NATURALIZATION  AND 
CITIZENSHIP 


A  person  may  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  either  by  birth 
or  by  naturalization.  In  case  of  naturalization  it  may  be  "By  Act 
of  Congress,"  which  occurs  in  case  of  certain  children,  without  direct 
action  on  their  part,  as  hereinafter  stated;  or  by  taking  out  a  cer- 
tificate of  naturalization  upon  order  of  a  court  having  jurisdiction. 

CITIZENSHIP   BY   BIRTH 

All  persons  born  (excluding  Indians  not  taxed),  or  naturalized 
in  the  United  States  and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  are 
citizens  of  the  United  States;  even  though  the  parents  of  a  person 
so  born  within  the  United  States  are  not  citizens,  the  person  so  born 
in  this  country  and  subject  to  its  jurisdiction  is  a  citizen. 

CITIZENSHIP    "BY   ACT  OF   CONGRESS" 
AMERICAN  WIFE  OF  FOREIGNER 

Act  of  Congress  March  2,  1907. 

Sec.  3.  Any  American  woman  who  marries  a  foreigner  takes 
the  nationality  of  her  husband,  but  when  the  marriage  relation  is 
ended  she  may  regain  her  American  citizenship  by  residing  here. 

FOREIGN-BORN  WIFE 

Sec.  4.  Any  foreign-born  woman  marrying  an  American  citi- 
zen becomes  an  American  citizen  and  remains  such  after  the  mar- 
riage relation  is  ended  if  she  remains  here,  or  if  abroad  registers 
with  the  United  States  Consul  her  intention  to  remain  an  Ameri- 
can citizen. 

FOREIGN-BORN  CHILD 

Sec.  5.  A  child  born  to  aliens  without  the  United  States  is  a 
citizen  if  his  parents  become  naturalized  here  or  resume  citizen- 
ship in  America  during  the  child's  minority  and  the  child's  citizen- 
ship begins  with  its  permanent  residence  here. 

102 


CITIZENSHIP  BY  ACT  OF  CONGRESS  103 

Sec.  6.  Children  who  are  born  abroad,  but  who  are  citizens  of 
the  United  States  under  the  provisions  of  Sec.  1993  of  the  Rev. 
Stat,  of  U.  S.  (see  note  1  below),  and  who  continue  to  reside  abroad 
must,  in  order  to  receive  the  protection  of  this  Government,  record 
with  the  United  States  Consul,  when  they  become  eighteen  years 
of  age,  their  intention  to  become  residents  and  remain  citizens  of 
the  United  States,  and  they  must  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to 
the  United  States  when  they  reach  their  majority. 

[Note  1.  (Sec.  1993.)  All  children  heretofore  born  or  hereafter 
born  out  of  the  limits  and  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States, 
whose  fathers  were  or  may  be  at  the  time  of  their  birth,  cit- 
izens thereof,  are  declared  to  be  citizens  of  the  United  States; 
but  the  rights  of  citizenship  shall  not  descend  to  children 
whose  fathers  never  resided  in  the  United  States.] 

INDIANS 

By  numerous  acts  of  Congress  from  1866  and  1867  down  to  the 
act  of  February  8,  1887,  as  amended  by  the  acts  of  March  3,  1901, 
and  of  April  26,  1906,  citizenship  is  extended  under  certain  condi- 
tions to  the  members  of  the  five  tribes  and  other  Indians  in  Indian 
Territory  (now  a  part  of  the  State  of  Oklahoma). 

By  the  act  of  Congress  of  June  16,  1906,  authorizing  the  admis- 
sion of  the  Territories  of  Oklahoma  and  Indian  Territory  as  one 
State,  under  the  name  of  Oklahoma,  all  male  persons,  members  of 
any  Indian  tribe  or  nation  in  those  two  Territories,  are  given  full 
voting  rights  as  citizens  and  the  people  of  those  Territories  are  to 
be  admitted  on  conditions  named  in  the  act  (which  have  since  been 
fulfilled)  into  the  Union  as  citizens  on  an  equal  footing  with  the 
people  of  the  original  States. 

By  act  of  Congress  of  May  8,  1906,  every  Indian  to  whom  an 
allotment  of  land  has  been  made  under,  the  laws  and  who  has  re- 
ceived a  patent  for  lands  under  the  act,  and  every  Indian  born  in 
the  United  States  who  has  voluntarily  taken  up  his  residence  within 
its  limits  separate  and  apart  from  any  tribe  of  Indians  and  adopted 
the  habits  of  civilized  life,  is  declared  to  be  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  and  entitled  to  the  benefit  of,  and  subject  to,  its  laws  and 
to  all  the  rights,  privileges,  and  immunities  of  citizens. 


SUMMARY   OF    THE    NATURALIZATION    LAWS    OF 
THE   UNITED   STATES   AND  OF   THE   REGULA- 
TIONS  MADE   THEREON 

The  act  of  Congress  of  June  29,  1906,  is  an  act  to  provide  for 
a  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturalization,  and  a  uniform  rule 
for  the  naturalization  of  aliens  throughout  the  United  States. 

Sec.  1.  The  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturalization  in  the 
Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  is  created  to  be  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor  and  has  charge 
of  all  matters  concerning  the  naturalization  of  aliens. 

Sec.  2.  The  office  of  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturali- 
zation is  to  be  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

Sec.  3.  Exclusive  jurisdiction  to  naturalize  aliens  as  citizens  of 
the  United  States  is  conferred  upon  the  United  States  circuit  and 
district  courts,  the  United  States  district  courts  for  the  Territories 
of  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Hawaii,  and  Alaska,  the  supreme  court  of 
the  district  of  Columbia,  and  upon  all  courts  of  record  in  any  State 
or  Territory  having  a  seal,  a  clerk  and  jurisdiction  in  actions  at 
law  or  equity  in  which  the  amount  in  controversy  is  unlimited. 
This  jurisdiction  to  naturalize  aliens  extends  only  to  such  aliens  as 
reside  within  the  respective  judicial  districts  of  such  courts.  The 
courts  are  to  be  furnished  with  the  necessary  blank  forms  and  cer- 
tificates of  naturalization  by  the  above  bureau. 

Sec.  4.  An  alien  may  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
in  the  following  manner: 

1.  By  declaring  on  oath  before  the  clerk  of  any  such  court,  at 
least  two  years  prior  to  his  admission  and  after  he  is  eighteen  years 
of  age,  that  it  is  his  purpose  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  renounce  all  allegiance  whatsoever  to  any  foreign 
prince  or  state;  but  no  alien  who  has  in  conformity  to  law  declared 
his  intention  to  become  a  citizen  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act  is 
required  to  renew  his  declaration. 

2.  By  riling  in  any  such  court  in  the  district  where  he  has  re- 
sided for  at  least  one  year  before  the  filing  and  not  less  than  two 
years  nor  more  than  seven  years  after  he  has  made  such  a  decla- 
ration of  intention,  a  petition  in  duplicate  in  writing  signed  by 
him  and  sworn  to,  giving  his  full  name,  place  of  residence  (by  street 
and  number,  if  possible),  occupation,  date  and  place  of  birth,  place 
from  which  he  emigrated,  date  and  place  of  his  arrival  in  the  United 
States,  and  the  time  when,  and  the  place  and  court  where  he  de- 
clared his  intention  to  become  a  citizen,  giving  name  of  wife,  if  he 

104 


SUMMARY  OF   NATURALIZATION  LAWS  105 

is  married,  the  country  of  her  birth  and  her  place  of  residence, 
and  the  name,  place  and  date  of  birth  and  residence  of  each  child 
living;  and  declaring  that  he  is  not  a  disbeliever  in,  or  opposed  to 
organized  government,  or  a  member  of,  or  affiliated  with  any  so- 
ciety teaching  disbelief  in  or  opposed  to  organized  government, 
that  he  is  not  a  polygamist  or  believer  in  polygamy,  that  it  is  his 
intention  to  reside  permanently  in  the  United  States  and  to  become 
a  citizen  thereof,  and  to  renounce  absolutely  and  forever  all  alle- 
giance to  any  prince,  potentate,  state  or  sovereignty  and  particu- 
larly that  of  which  he  was  a  subject. 

The  petition  must  be  verified  by  the  affidavits  of  at  least  two 
credible  witnesses,  residents  of  the  United  States  who  must  state 
that  they  have  personally  known  the  applicant  to  be  a  resident  of 
the  United  States  for  at  least  five  years  continuously  and  of  the 
State  or  place  in  which  the  application  is  made  for  at  least  one 
year  next  preceding  the  filing  of  the  petition;  that  they  know  that 
the  petitioner  is  of  good  moral  character  and  in  every  way  qualified 
in  their  opinion  to  be  a  citizen. 

There  shall  be  filed  with  the  petition  a  certificate  from  the  De- 
partment of  Commerce  and  Labor,  if  he  arrived  in  the  United 
States  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  giving  the  date,  place  and 
manner  of  his  arrival,  and  the  certificate  with  his  declaration  of 
intention  to  become  a  citizen  shall  be  attached  to  the  petition. 

3.  By  declaring  on  oath  in  open  court  before  he  is  admitted 
to  citizenship  that  he  will  support  and  defend  the  Constitution 
and  laws  of  the  United  States  against  all  enemies,  foreign  or  do- 
mestic, and  bear  true  faith  and  allegiance  to  the  same;  and  that 
he  renounces  and  abjures  all  allegiance  to  any  foreign  prince,  po- 
tentate, state  or  sovereign,  and  particularly  that  of  which  he  was 
before  a  subject. 

4.  By  making  it  appear  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  court  that  the 
applicant  has  resided  continuously  in  the  United  States  for  five 
years  at  least,  and  in  the  State  or  Territory  where  the  court  is 
held  at  least  one  year,  and  that  he  has  during  that  time  behaved 
as  a  man  of  good  moral  character  attached  to  the  principles  of 
the  Constitution  and  well  disposed  to  the  good  order  and  happiness 
of  the  United  States;  and  in  addition  to  the  oath  of  the  applicant, 
by  the  testimony  of  at  least  two  witnesses,  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  as  to  the  moral  character  and  attachment  to  the  principles 
of  the  Constitution  and  the  facts  of  residence,  he  may  be  admitted 
to  citizenship. 

5.  If  the  applicant  has  borne  any  title  or  has  been  of  any  order 
of  nobility  in  the  kingdom  or  state  from  which  he  came,  he  shall 
in  addition,  renounce  his  title  or  order  of  nobility,  in  the  court 
where  his  application  is  made. 

6.  If  an  alien  who  has  declared  his  intention  to  become  a  cit- 
izen dies  before  he  is  naturalized,  the  widow  and  children  of  such 


106    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

alien  may,  by  complying  with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  be  natur- 
alized without  making  any  declaration  of  intention. 

Sec.  5.  The  clerk  of  the  court  where  the  petition  is  filed  shall 
immediately  give  notice  thereof,  by  posting  in  his  office  or  in  the 
building  in  which  it  is  situated,  the  name,  place  of  nativity  and 
residence  of  the  applicant,  the  date  and  place  of  his  arrival  in  the 
United  States,  the  date  of  the  petition  and  of  the  final  hearing 
of  it,  and  the  names  of  the  witnesses  for  the  applicant.  The  clerk 
shall  issue  subpoenas  for  the  witnesses  if  the  applicant  desires. 

Sec.  6.  Petitions  for  naturalization  may  be  filed  whether  the  court 
is  in  session  or  not;  but  the  final  action  thereon  shall  be  had  only 
on  stated  days  to  be  fixed  by  rule  of  the  court  and  in  no  case  until 
at  least  ninety  days  have  elapsed  after  the  filing  of  the  petition 
and  the  posting  of  the  notice;  and  no  person  shall  be  naturalized 
or  any  certificate  issued  for  thirty  days  preceding  the  holding  of 
any  general  election  in  the  district  where  the  court  sits. 

The  court  may  at  the  same  time  and  as  a  part  of  the  naturali- 
zation of  an  alien,  upon  petition  of  the  latter,  by  decree,  change 
the  name  of  the  alien  and  issue  the  certificate  of  naturalization  to 
him  under  the  new  name. 

Sec.  7.  No  person  who  disbelieves  in,  or  is  opposed  to,  organ- 
ized government,  or  is  a  member  of,  or  affiliated  with  any  organiza- 
tion teaching  such  disbelief  or  who  advocates  or  teaches  the 
duty,  necessity  or  propriety  of  assaulting  or  killing  any  officer  of 
the  Government  of  the  United  States  or  of  any  other  organized 
government,  or  who  is  a  polygamist,  shall  be  naturalized  or  made  a 
citizen. 

Sec.  8.  No  alien  shall  be  naturalized  or  admitted  as  a  citizen 
who  can  not  speak  the  English  language,  but  this  does  not  apply 
to  aliens  who  are  physically  unable  to  comply  therewith,  if  they  are 
otherwise  qualified ;  nor  does  it  apply  to  those  who  have  before  this 
act  was  passed  declared  their  intention  under  other  laws,  nor  does 
it  apply  to  aliens  who  shall  after  this  act  was  passed  declare  their 
intention  to  become  citizens  and  shall  make  homestead  entries  upon 
public  lands  of  the  United  States  and  comply  with  the  laws  for 
homestead  entries. 

Sec.  9.  Any  final  hearing  of  such  petitions  shall  be  had  in  open 
court  before  a  judge  thereof.  Every  final  order  must  be  entered 
upon  a  record  and  signed  by  the  judge;  and  the  applicant  and  the 
witnesses  must  be  examined  under  oath  in  open  court. 

Sec.  10.  If  the  applicant  has  not  resided  within  the  State  or 
District  where  he  applies  for  naturalization  continuously  for  five 
years  but  has  resided  there  for  more  than  one  year  and  has  resided 
in  other  portions  of  the  United  States  a  sufficient  time  to  make  up 
five  years'  residence  in  the  United  States,  this  residence  may  be 
proved  by  deposition  of  two  or  more  witnesses,  citizens  of  the 
United  States,  upon  notice  to  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Nat- 


SUMMARY  OF  NATURALIZATION  LAWS         107 

uralization  and  the  United  States  attorney  for  the  district  in  which 
the  witnesses  reside. 

Sec.  11.  The  United  States  has  the  right  to  appear  before  any 
court  exercising  jurisdiction  in  naturalization  proceedings  and  to 
cross-examine  the  petitioner  and  witnesses,  and  shall  have  the 
right  to  produce  witnesses  and  evidence  and  be  heard  in  opposition 
to  the  petition. 

Sec.  12.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Court  to  keep  a 
duplicate  of  each  declaration  of  intention  made  before  him  and  to 
send  to  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturalization  in  Wash- 
ington, within  thirty  days  after  its  issuance,  a  duplicate  of  each 
certificate  of  citizenship  issued,  and  within  the  same  time  to  report 
to  the  bureau  the  name  of  each  alien  who  shall  have  been  denied 
naturalization.  The  clerk  of  the  court  is  made  responsible  for  all 
blank  certificates  sent  to  the  court  by  the  bureau. 

Sec.  13.  The  fees  of  the  clerk  are  $1  for  receiving  a  declara- 
tion of  intention  and  issuing  a  duplicate  thereof;  $2  for  filing  a  peti- 
tion of  intention  and  issuing  a  duplicate  thereof;  $2  for  filing  a 
petition  and  entering  the  final  hearing;  and  $2  for  entering  the  final 
order  and  issuing  the  certificate  of  citizenship.  The  applicant  must 
also  pay  the  expense  of  subpoenaing  the  witnesses  and  their  legal 
witness  fees  if  they  demand  the  same. 

Sec.  15.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  United  States  district  attorneys, 
upon  affidavits  showing  good  cause  therefor,  to  institute  proceed- 
ings for  the  purpose  of  setting  aside  any  certificate  of  citizenship  on 
the  ground  of  fraud  or  that  it  was  illegally  procured.  The  party 
holding  such  certificate  is  to  have  sixty  days'  notice  in  which  to  make 
answer.  If  he  is  absent  from  the  United  States,  notice  may  be 
given  by  publication. 

If  any  alien  who  has  secured  a  certificate  under  this  act  shall 
within  five  years  after  its  issue,  return  to  his  native  country  or  go 
to  any  foreign  country  and  take  permanent  residence  therein,  it 
shall  be  considered  sufficient  evidence  of  a  lack  of  intention  to  be- 
come a  permanent  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  sufficient  to 
authorize  the  cancellation  of  his  certificate  as  fraudulent.  All 
diplomatic  and  consular  officers  of  the  United  States  in  foreign 
countries  are  required  to  furnish  the  Government  the  names  of  all 
those  naturalized  citizens  of  the  United  States  who  have  taken  up 
permanent  residence  abroad  and  the  statements  of  these  officers 
is  made  evidence  in  all  courts  in  proceedings  to  cancel  the  certifi- 
cates held  by  such  persons. 

The  provisions  of  this  section  apply  also  to  certificates  issued 
before  this  act  under  prior  laws. 

Sec.  16.  Makes  the  forging  or  counterfeiting  or  knowingly  aiding 
or  assisting  in  forging  or  counterfeiting  a  certificate  of  citizenship, 
with  intent  to  use  the  same  or  that  it  may  be  used  by  some  other 
person,  a  felony,  to  be  punished  by  fine  or  imprisonment,  or  both. 


108    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Sec.  17.  Makes  it  unlawful  to  engrave  or  assist  in  engraving 
any  plate  designed  for  the  printing  of  a  certificate  of  citizenship, 
to  sell  any  such  plate  or  to  bring  it  into  the  United  States,  or  to 
have  in  one's  possession  any  such  engraved  plate  or  to  make,  print 
or  photograph  the  likeness  of  any  such  certificate  or  any  part  thereof, 
or  to  sell  any  such  certificate  or  to  have  in  one's  possession  the  dis- 
tinctive paper  adopted  by  the  proper  officers  of  the  United  States 
for  the  printing  of  such  certificates,  with  intent  to  unlawfully  use  the 
same;  and  provides  punishment  by  fine  or  imprisonment  or  by  both. 

Sec.  18.  It  is  made  a  felony  for  a  clerk  or  for  any  other  person 
to  issue  certificates  of  citizenship  contrary  to  this  act. 

Sec.  19.  Provides  that  every  person  who  without  lawful  excuse 
is  possessed  of  blank  certificates  of  citizenship,  with  intent  to  un- 
lawfully use  the  same,  shall  be  imprisoned  or  fined. 

Sec.  21.  It  is  unlawful  for  any  clerk  or  his  assistant  to  de- 
mand, charge,  collect  or  receive  any  fees  or  moneys  in  a  natu- 
ralization proceeding  save  those  above  specified.  Violation  may  be 
punished  by  fine  or  imprisonment  or  by  both. 

Sec.  23.  That  any  person  who  knowingly  procures  naturaliza- 
tion in  violation  of  the  act  shall  be  fined  or  imprisoned  or  both, 
and  upon  conviction  the  court  shall  declare  the  order  admitting  such 
person  to  citizenship  void.  Any  person  who  knowingly  aids,  advises 
or  encourages  any  person  not  entitled  thereto  to  apply  for  or  se- 
cure naturalization  or  to  file  preliminary  papers  declaring  intent, 
or  who  procures  or  gives  false  testimony  in  such  proceeding  or 
makes  a  false  affidavit  as  to  any  material  fact  required  to  be  proved 
in  such  proceeding  shall  be  fined  or  imprisoned,  or  both. 

Sec.  24.  No  person  shall  be  prosecuted,  tried,  or  punished  for 
any  crime  under  this  act  unless  the  proceeding  is  begun  within  five 
years  after  the  crime  was  committed. 

Sec.  27.     Gives  forms  to  be  used  in  naturalization  proceedings. 

Sec.  28.  Gives  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor  power  to 
make  regulations  to  carry  this  act  into  effect. 

Sec.  30.  All  persons  not  citizens  of,  but  who  owe  permanent 
allegiance  to  the  United  States,  may  when  they  become  residents 
of  any  State  or  organized  Territory  become  citizens,  without  re- 
nouncing allegiance  to  any  foreign  sovereignty,  by  making  a  dec- 
laration of  intention  at  least  two  years  before  admission. 

OTHER   NATURALIZATION   LAWS   OF   THE  UNITED 
STATES   NOW  IN   FORCE 

Act  of  Cong.  May  6,  1882.  No  state  court  or  court  of  the  United 
States  shall  hereafter  admit  Chinese  to  citizenship. 

Rev.  Stat.  U.  S.,  1875,  Sec.  2169.  The  naturalization  laws  are 
declared  to  apply  to  and  to  admit  aliens  being  free  white  per- 


SUMMARY  OF  NATURALIZATION  LAWS         109 

sons  and  aliens  being  of  African  nativity  and  persons  of  African 
descent. 

Sec.  2171,  same.  No  person  who  is  a  native  citizen  or  subject 
or  "denizen  of  any  country  at  war  with  the  United  States  at  the 
time  of  his  application  shall  be  then  admitted  to  become  a  citizen. 

Sec.  2166.  Any  alien  twenty-one  years  old  who  has  enlisted  or 
may  enlist  in  the  regular  or  volunteer  armies  of  the  United  States 
or  has  been  or  may  be  hereafter  honorably  discharged  shall  be  ad- 
mitted as  a  citizen  upon  his  petition,  without  any  previous  decla- 
ration of  intention  to  become  such  and  he  shall  not  be  required  to 
prove  more  than  one  year's  residence  in  the  United  States,  but  shall 
furnish  satisfactory  proof  of  residence,  good  moral  character  and 
of  having  been  honorably  discharged. 

Sec.  2174.  Every  seaman,  being  a  foreigner,  who  declares  his 
intention  of  becoming  a  citizen  and  who  shall  have  served  three 
years  on  board  of  a  merchant  vessel  of  the  United  States  subsequent 
to  the  date  of  his  declaration  may  be  admitted  as  a  citizen  and  he 
shall  be  deemed  a  citizen  for  the  purpose  of  manning  and  serving  on 
board  any  merchant  vessel  of  the  United  States  and  for  all  pur- 
poses of  protection  as  an  American  citizen. 

Act  of  Cong.,  July  26,  1894.  Any  alien  twenty-one  years  old 
who  has  enlisted  or  may  enlist  in  the  United  States  Navy  or 
Marine  Corps  and  who  has  served  five  consecutive  years  in  the  Navy 
or  one  enlistment  in  the  Marine  Corps  and  has  been  honorably 
discharged,  shall  upon  presentation  of  his  petition  without  any 
previous  declaration  to  become  a  citizen  and  upon  furnishing  satis- 
factory proof  of  good  moral  character  and  of  his  service  and  hon- 
orable discharge,  be  admitted  as  a  citizen. 

Act  of  Cong.,  March  2,  1907.  Applicant  for  Naturalization 
Protected  in  Foreign  Country. 

Sec.  1.  When  a  person  has  made  a  declaration  of  intention 
to  become  a  citizen  and  has  lived  in  the  United  States  for  three 
years,  a  passport  may  be  issued  to  him  entitling  him  for  six  months 
to  the  protection  of  this  government  while  in  any  foreign  country 
except  that  country  of  which  he  was  before  a  citizen. 

When  a  citizen  by  birth  or  naturalization  loses  his  right  as  such. 

Sec.  2.  Any  American  citizen  loses  his  right  as  such  by  be- 
coming naturalized  in,  or  taking  an  oath  of  allegiance  to,  a  foreign 
state.  Any  naturalized  citizen  of  the  United  States  who  returns 
to  a  residence  in  the  foreign  state  from  which  he  came  for  two  years 
or  resides  for  five  years  in  any  other  foreign  state  ceases  to  be  an 
American  citizen. 

No  American  citizen  can  expatriate  himself  (transfer  his 
allegiance  to  another  country)  when  this  country  is  at  war. 


110    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

NATURALIZATION   REGULATIONS 

MADE   BY   THE   SECRETARY   OF    COMMERCE    AND     LABOR 

Last  issue  dated  September  23,  1907. 

The  following  are  deemed  all  that  are  of  direct  interest  to  the 
citizen  or  voter. 

2.  Declarations  of  intention  properly  made  prior  to  September 
27,  1906,  may  be  used  in  obtaining  citizenship  at  any  time  after  the 
expiration  of  two  years  from  date  when  they  were  made. 

3.  This  act  taking  effect  September  27,  1906,  aliens  who  made 
declaration  of  intention  prior  to  that  date  are  not  required  to  file 
new  declarations  under  this  act. 

Aliens  who  made  their  declarations  of  intention  prior  to  Sep- 
tember 27,  1906,  must  comply  with  all  requirements  of  the  act 
of  June  29th  in  filing  petitions  and  furnishing  proof  except  that 
they  will  not  be  required  to  speak  the  English  language  or  sign 
petitions  in  their  own  handwriting. 

4.  Aliens  who  declare  their  intention  after  September  27,  1906, 
and  file  petitions  must  sign  the  petitions  in  their  own  handwriting 
and  must  be  able  to  speak  the  English  language.  If  an  alien  is 
physically  unable  to  speak,  that  fact  should  be  stated  in  his 
petition. 

Aliens  who  arrive  in  the  United  States  before  reaching  eighteen 
years  of  age,  can  not  obtain  citizenship  without  making  a  declara- 
tion of  intention  which  may  be  made  at  their  established  residence 
after  they  reached  the  age  of  eighteen. 

9.  No  certificate  of  naturalization  shall  be  issued  until  the 
judge  has  signed  the  order  to  that  effect. 

21.  No  declaration  of  intention  or  petition  for  naturalization 
shall  be  received  from  aliens  other  than  white  persons  and  persons 
of  African  nativity  or  descent,  nor  from  persons  not  residing  in  the 
judicial  district  within  which  the  court  is  held. 

Under  the  above  laws  and  regulations  the  Circuit  Courts  in 
the  several  counties  of  Illinois  including  the  Circuit  and  Superior 
Courts  of  Cook  County  are  the  only  State  Courts  having  jurisdiction 
to  naturalize  aliens  or  to  take  declarations  of  intention  to  become 
citizens.  These  courts  have  fixed  special  days  in  each  county  for 
the  hearing  of  petitions  for  naturalization. 

In  the  Superior  Court  of  Cook  County  on  Fridays. 

In  the  Circuit  Court  of  Cook  County  on  Saturdays. 


NATURALIZATION  REGULATIONS  111 

In  other  counties  of  the  State  these  dates  can  be  obtained  from 
the  Clerk  of  Circuit  Court  at  the  county  seat. 

The  United  States  Circuit  and  District  Courts  in  the  several 
Districts  in  Illinois  also  have  power  to  naturalize  aliens. 

NATURALIZATION    BY    A    COURT 
The  act  of  naturalization  is  divided  into  two  general  parts:     1. 
The   Declaration  of  Intention  or  "First   Papers."     2.   The  Final 
Papers. 

The  Declaration  of  Intention  is  performed  by  filing  with  the 
clerk  of  one  of  the  courts  named  above,  or  his  deputy,  a  paper, 
under  oath  or  affirmation,  stating  the  applicant's  intention  to  be- 
come a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  to  renounce  allegiance  to 
any  and  all  foreign  rulers,  states,  or  sovereignties;  also  giving  the 
name,  age,  occupation,  personal  description,  place  of  birth,  last 
foreign  residence  and  allegiance,  date  of  arrival,  the  name  of  vessel, 
if  any,  in  which  he  came  to  the  United  States,  and  the  present 
place  of  residence  of  said  alien. 

The  person  filing  such  declaration  must  be  at  least  18  years  old 
and  must  reside  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  court  in  which  the 
papers  are  filed.  Any  person  who  filed  his  declaration  under  the 
former  law  need  not  renew  it  under  the  present  law. 

WHEN  "  FIRST  PAPERS  "  NOT  REQUIRED 

The  filing  of  the  declaration  of  intention  or  "  first  papers  "  is 
not  required  in  the  following  cases: 

1.  When  an  alien  has  been  honorably  discharged  from  the 
Tinted  States  Army,  either  as  a  regular  or  volunteer;  providing 
he  be  at  least  21  years  of  age,  and  has  resided  in  this  country  at 
least  one  year. 

2.  When  an  alien  (at  least  21  years  of  age)  has  been  honor- 
ably discharged  from  the  United  States  Navy  or  Marine  Corps, 
after  serving  five  consecutive  years  in  the  Navy  or  one  enlistment 
in  said  Marine  Corps. 

3.  When  the  father  of  the  alien  filed  a  declaration  of  intention 
while  the  alien  was  still  a  minor,  and  said  father  died  before  com- 
pleting his  naturalization. 


112    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

In  all  of  the  above  cases  it  is  still  necessary  for  the  person  desiring 
to  become  naturalized  to  secure  final  papers  before  he  can  become  a 
citizen;  but  the  honorable  discharge  in  the  first  two  cases  and  the  dec- 
laration of  the  deceased  father  in  the  last  case,  waives  the  necessity 
for  first  papers. 

FINAL  PAPERS 

Petition  —  When  Filed.  Not  less  than  two  years  nor  more  than 
seven  years  after  he  has  filed  his  declaration  of  intention,  the  ap- 
plicant shall  file  his  petition  for  final  papers. 

Where  Filed.  This  petition  must  be  filed  in  one  of  the  courts 
named  above,  but  need  not  be  in  the  court  in  which  the  first  papers 
were  taken  out. 

How  Signed.  The  petition  must  be  signed  by  applicant  in  his 
own  handwriting;  providing,  if  applicant  filed  his  declaration  of 
intention  before  June  29,  1906,  the  petition  need  not  be  signed  in 
his  own  handwriting. 

Contents.  The  petition  shall  contain  the  information  required 
by  law  as  to  applicant,  his  arrival  in  this  country,  and  his  family. 
It  shall  be  in  duplicate  and  sworn  to. 

Affidavits  of  Two  Witnesses,  etc.  Attached  to  the  petition  shall 
be  the  affidavits  of  at  least  two  credible  witnesses,  citizens  of  the 
United  States,  who  swear  that  they  have  personally  known  the 
applicant  to  be  a  resident  of  the  United  States  for  at  least  five  years 
continuously,  and  of  the  State  of  Illinois  at  least  one  year  imme- 
diately preceding,  and  that  he  is  of  good  moral  character  and  qual- 
ified to  be  admitted  as  a  citizen. 

If  the  applicant  arrived  in  this  country  after  June  29,  1906, 
there  shall  also  be  attached  a  certificate  from  the  Department  of 
Commerce  and  Labor,  giving  date,  etc.,  of  arrival  and  taking  out 
of  first  papers. 

QUALIFICATIONS  REQUIRED 

In  order  to  receive  his  final  papers  as  a  citizen,  the  person: 

1.  Must  have  resided  in  the  United  States  continuously  for  at 
least  five  years  immediately  preceding. 

2.  Must  have  resided  in  the  State  of  Illinois  for  at  least  one 
year  immediately  preceding,  and  be  of  good  moral  character  and 
attached  to  the  principles  of  the  Constitution. 


NATURALIZATION  REGULATIONS  113 

3.  Must  intend  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and 
to  reside  permanently  therein,  and  to  renounce  all  allegiance  to 
any  foreign  ruler,  state,  or  sovereignty. 

4.  Must  not  be  an  anarchist. 

5.  Must  not  be  a  polygamist. 

6.  Must  not  have  been  denied  admission  as  a  citizen,  or,  if 
denied,  the  cause  therefor  must  no  longer  exist. 

7.  Must  speak  the  English  language,  unless  physically  unable. 
Provided:  that  this  requirement  shall  not  apply  to  those  who  made 
declaration  of  intention  before  June  29,  1906,  or  to  persons  making 
homestead  entries  on  public  lands. 

HEARING   BY    COURT    AND    ISSUING    FINAL    PAPERS 

The  hearing  shall  be  had  before  the  judge,  in  open  court,  not 
less  than  90  days  after  the  filing  of  the  petition.  The  applicant 
shall  declare  on  oath  that  he  will  support  the  Constitution  and 
laws  of  the  United  States  and  that  he  renounces  all  allegiance  to 
every  foreign  ruler,  state,  or  sovereignty.  Two  witnesses  shall  also 
testify  as  to  the  residence  and  character  of  applicant  and  his  desir- 
ability as  a  citizen.  The  United  States  may,  if  it  desires,  appear 
by  its  authorized  officer  before  the  court  to  cross-examine  the  ap- 
plicant and  witnesses.  If  necessary,  providing  the  applicant  proves 
his  one  year's  residence  in  the  State  by  oral  testimony,  he  may 
prove  the  remainder  of  the  five  years'  residence  in  the  United  States 
by  deposition. 

If  the  court  is  satisfied  that  the  applicant  is  entitled  to  citizen- 
ship according  to  law,  it  shall  enter  an  order  to  that  effect,  and  the 
applicant  shall  then  receive  his  final  papers  and  become  a  citizen. 

No  person  shall  be  naturalized  or  receive  final  papers  within  30 
days  preceding  any  general  election  to  be  held  within  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  court. 

Any  seaman,  being  a  foreigner,  who  declares  his  intention  of 
becoming  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  thereafter  serves 
three  years  upon  a  merchant  vessel  of  the  United  States,  may  then 
be  given  his  final  papers  by  application  to  a  court  having  jurisdic- 
tion, upon  production  of  his  declaration  of  intention  and  certificate 
of  discharge  and  good  conduct. 


114    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Fees.  For  filing  declaration  of  intention  and  issuing  copy,  $1.00; 
for  making  and  filing  petition  for  final  papers  and  hearing  thereon, 
$2.00;  for  entering  final  order  and  issuing  final  papers,  $2.00;  also 
the  regular  charges  if  the  applicant  wishes  witnesses  subpoenaed; 
and  the  witnesses  fees,  if  they  demand  same.  No  other  charges 
are  allowed. 


LIST   OF  APPOINTIVE   STATE   OFFICERS 

BY  THE  GOVERNOR 

Adjutant-General.  Brigadier-General  and  Chief  of  Staff.  Salary 
$3,000. 

Assistant  Adjutant-General.     Colonel.     Salary  $2,000. 

Quartermaster-General.     Colonel. 

Commissary  General.     Chief  of  Ordinance.     Colonel. 

Inspector-General.     Colonel. 

Surgeon-General.     Colonel. 

Judge  Advocate  General.     Colonel. 

General  Inspector  of  Rifle  Practice.     Colonel. 

10  Aides-de-camp. 

All  •officers  of  the  rank  of  General  in  the  Illinois  National  Guard. 

Commissioners  of  Deeds  for  Illinois  in  other  States,  Territories  and 
the  District  of  Columbia  and  any  foreign  country,  not  ex- 
ceeding five  in  any  one  city  or  county,  and  one  for  every 
additional  10,000  inhabitants  of  any  city  in  other  States 
and  Territories.     Holds  office  four  years. 

1  Director  of  State  Pawners'  Society.     Holds  office  two  }-ears. 

5  Fish  Wardens,  on  request  of  Fish  Commission.  Salary  $900  per 
annum. 

1  or  more  Deputy  Fish  Wardens  in  each  county,  upon  rec- 
ommendation of  Fish  Commission.  Paid  by  fees  and 
fines. 

10  State  Inspectors  of  Mines.  Salary  $1,800  per  annum,  and  trav- 
eling expenses.     Hold  office  two  years. 

1  State  Veterinary  Surgeon.  Salary  $8  per  day  while  employed, 
and  traveling  expenses. 

1  State  Entomologist. 

2  Members  Board  of  Voting  Machine  Commissioners.     Term  four 

years.     Paid  by  fees,  but  compensation  not  to  exceed  $1,500 
per  annum  and  expenses. 
1   Member  State  Geological  Commission.     Term  four  years.     No 
compensation  allowed. 

115 


116    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

1  Printer  Expert.  Salary  $2,500.  Holds  office  during  pleasure  of 
the  Governor. 

1  Factory  Inspector.     Term  four  years.     Salary  $2,000  per  annum. 

1  Assistant  Factory  Inspector.     Salary  $1,250  per  annum. 

IS  Deputy  Inspectors,  of  whom  7  shall  be  women.  Salary  $1000. 
Hold  office  during  good  service. 

1  President  and  6  Commissioners  for  any  Forest  Preserve  District. 

5  Members  of  Illinois  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners.  Term 
five  years. 

7  West  Chicago  Park  Commissioners.  Term  seven  years.  Serve 
without  compensation,  except  the  President,  who  may  re- 
ceive a  salary  not  to  exceed  $4,000  per  annum. 

They  may  choose  one  of  their  number  as  President  and 
one  as  Auditor  and  appoint  a  Treasurer  and  a  Secretary. 

BY  THE  GOVERNOR  WITH  ADVICE  AND   CONSENT  OF  THE 

STATE  SENATE 

1  Insurance  Superintendent.  Term  four  years  from  May  1,  1905. 
Salary  $3,500. 

5  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Southern  Illinois  Normal 
University  at  Carbondale.     Term  six  years. 
i  Notaries  Public.     Term  four  years,  unless  removed  by  the  Gov- 
ernor.    Paid  by  fees  fixed  by  law. 

5  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Eastern  Illinois  State  Nor- 
mal School.     Term  four  years.     No  compensation. 

5  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Northern  Illinois  State  Nor- 
mal School  at  De  Kalb.    Term  four  years.    No  compensation. 

5  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Western  Illinois  State  Nor- 
mal School  at  Macomb.  Term  four  years.  No  compensa- 
tion. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Illinois  State  Historical 
Library  at  Springfield.  Term  two  years.  No  compensa- 
tion. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Illinois  School  for  the  Deaf 
at  Jacksonville.     Term  six  years.     No  compensation. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Illinois  School  for  the  Blind 
at  Jacksonville.     Term  six  years.     No  compensation. 


OFFICIALS  APPOINTED   BY  GOV.   ANDA  SENATE     117 

5  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Illinois  Industrial  Home 
for  the  Blind  at  Chicago.  Term  two  years.  No  compen- 
sation. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Illinois  Charitable  Eye  and 
Ear  Infirmary  at  Chicago.  Term  six  years.  No  compen- 
sation. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Illinois  Central  Hospital 
for  the  Insane  at  Jacksonville.  Term  six  years.  No  com- 
pensation. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Illinois  Northern  Hospital 
for  the  Insane  at  Elgin.  Term  six  years.  No  compensa- 
tion. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Illinois  Southern  Hospital 
for  the  Insane  at  Anna.  Term  six  years.  No  compensa- 
tion. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Illinois  Western  Hospital 
for  the  Insane  at  Watertown.  Term  six  years.  No  com- 
pensation. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Illinois  Eastern  Hospital 
for  the  Insane  at  Kankakee.  Term  six  years.  No  compen- 
sation. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Illinois  Asylum  for  the 
Incurable  Insane  at  Bartonville,  Peoria  County.  Term  six 
years.     No  compensation. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Illinois  Asylum  for  Feeble- 
Minded  Children  at  Lincoln.  Term  six  years.  No  compen- 
sation. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Illinois  Soldiers'  Orphans' 
Home  at  Normal.     Term  six  years.     No  compensation. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Home 
at  Quincy.     Term  six  years.     No  compensation. 

5  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Soldiers'  Widows'  Home  of 
Illinois  ^at  Wilmington.  Term  four  years.  No  compensa- 
tion. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  Illinois  State  Peni- 
tentiary at  Joliet.  Term  six  years.  Salary  $1,500  per  an- 
num. 


118    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK  AND     CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  Southern 
Penitentiary  at  Chester.  Term  six  years.  Salary  $1,500 
per  annum. 

5  Members  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  State  Reformatory  at  Pon- 
-    tiac.     Term  ten  years.     Salary  $1,200  per  annum. 

5  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  State  Home  for  Juve- 
nile Female  Offenders  (State  Training  School  for  Girls), 
at  Geneva.     Term  three  years.     No  compensation. 

7  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  St.  Charles  School  for 
Boys  at  St.  Charles.  Term  three  years.  No  compensa- 
tion. 

3  Live  Stock  Commissioners.  Compensation  $5  per  day  for  time 
actually  employed.     Term  three  years. 

3  Members  of  the  Board  of  Railroad  and  Warehouse  Commissioners. 
Term  two  years.     Salary  $3,500  per  annum. 

1  Chief  Grain  Inspector  in  each  county  where  is  located  a  warehouse 
of  Class  "A"  or  Class  "B."  Term  two  years.  Salary  fixed 
by  the  Railroad  and  Warehouse  Commissioners. 

5  Commissioners  of  Labor  (created  by  act  of  May  29,  1879). 
Term  two  years.  Salary  $5  per  day  for  thirty  days  each 
year. 

5  Members  of  State  Mining  Board.     Term  two  years.     Appointed 
by  Commissioners  of  Labor.     Salary  $5  per  day  for  not  to 
exceed  100  days  per  annum. 
Secretary  of  this  board  is  appointed  by  the  board. 

3  Members  of  the  State  Board  of  Arbitration    (created  by  act  of 
August    2,  1895).     Term    three    years.     Salary    $1,500    per 
annum. 
Secretary  of  this  board  is  selected   by  the  board  and  must  be 

a  stenographer.     Salary  $2,500  per  annum. 
Members  of  the  State  Board  of  Health.     Term  seven  years.     No 
compensation. 

5  Members  of  the  State  Board  of  Pharmacy.     Term  five  years. 
Salary  $5  per  day  while  actually  engaged  in  work  of  the 
board. 
Secretary  of  this  board  is  appointed  by  board.     Salary  $2,500 
per  annum. 


OFFICIALS  APPOIXTED   BY  GOV.   AND   SENATE     119 

5  Members  of  the  State  Board  of  Examiners  of   Architects.      Term 
four  years.     Salary  $10  per  day  while  actually  engaged. 
One  of  the  members  is  elected  by  them  as  Secretary.     Salary 
$1,500  per  annum. 
7  Commissioners    of    Lincoln    Park,    Chicago.      Term    five    years. 

Serve  without  compensation. 
3  Commissioners  of  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal.     Office  at  Lock- 
port.     Term  two  years.     Salary  $5  per  day  while  employed 
in  duties  of  the  office. 
Superintendent  of  Canal  is  appointed  by  the  commissioners. 
3  Fish   Commissioners.      Headquarters    at    Havana.     Term    three 

years.     No  compensation. 
3  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Claims.     Office  at  Springfield.     Term  four 
years.     Salary  $1,500  per  annum. 
Bailiff  of  the  Court  is  appointed  by  the  Presiding  Judge.     Salary 
$3  per  day  while  actually  employed. 
14  Members  of  the  State  Board  of  Education  and  Trustees  of  State 
Normal    University.     Term    six    years.     No    compensation. 
Treasurer  of  this  board  is  appointed  by  the  board. 

5  Members  of  the  State  Board  of  Charities.     Office  at  Springfield . 

Term  five  years.     No  compensation. 
Secretary  of  this  board  is  appointed  by  the  board. 
3  Members  of  the  State  Board  of  Pardons.     Office  at  Springfield. 

Term  three  years.     Salary  $2,000  per  annum. 
This  board  appoints  a  Clerk.     Salary  $2,000  per  annum. 
1  State  Food  Commissioner.     Office  in  Chicago.     Term  four  years. 

Salary  $2,500  per  annum. 
2  Assistant  Commissioners,  one  being  known  as  State  Analyst, 

are  appointed  by  the  Commissioners  with  advice  and  consent 

of  the  Governor.     Salary  $1,800  per  annum. 
Assistant  Analyst  appointed  temporarily  by  commissioners. 

6  Inspectors  of   Food    appointed   by    the   commissioners.     Salary 

$3  per  day. 
1  State  Game  Commissioner.     Office  at   Springfield.     Term    four 
years.     Salary  $2,500  per  annum. 
Commissioner  may  appoint,  with  approval  of  the  Governor,  10 
Game  Wardens.     Salary  $900  per  annum. 


120    VOTERS'  HANDBOOK  AND  CITIZENS'  MANUAL 

He  may  appoint  three  Deputy  Game  Wardens  in  each  county. 

Salary  $2  per  day  and  one-half  of  fines  received  on  their 

complaint. 
4  State  Agents  to  enforce  the  law  in  reference  to  cruelty  to  animals. 

Term  two  years.     Salary  SI  ,200  per  annum. 
1  State  Architect.     Term  4  four  years.     Salary  $5,000  per  annum. 
4  Superintendents  of  Illinois  Free  Employment  Offices.     Term  two 

years.     Salary  SI, 500  per  annum. 
4    Assistant    Superintendents    of    Illinois    Free    Employment 

Offices.     Term    two     years.     Salary    $1,200    per    annum. 

(Women.) 
4  Clerks  of  Illinois  Free  Employment  Offices.     Term  two  years. 

Salary  $1,000  per  annum. 
(The  12  last  named  officers  are  to  be  recommended  by  the  State 

Board  of  Commissioners  of  Labor. ) 
3  Members  of  the  State  Civil  Service  Commission.     Term  six  years. 

Salary  $3,000  per  annum. 
This    board  may  apppoint  one  or  more  examiners.     Salary  of 

Chief  Examiner  $2,500  per  annum.     Other  examiners  re- 
ceive $5  per  day  while  employed. 
3  Members  of  State  Highway  Commission.     Office  at  Springfield. 

Term  two  years.     No  compensation. 
1   State  Highway  Engineer  is  appointed  by  the    commission, 

who  fix  his  salary. 
1  Public  Administrator  for  each  county  in  the  State  in  1905  and 

every  fourth  year  thereafter.     Term  four  years.     Paid  by 

fees  fixed  by  law. 
In  addition  to  the  officers  named  above,  there  are  a  great  num- 
ber of  subordinate  officers  appointed   by  the  above  boards 

and    heads  of  departments  not    under    civil    service  rules. 

APPOINTMENTS  UNDER  STATE  CIVIL  SERVICE  LAW 
By  the  act  of  May  11,  1905,  to  regulate  the  civil  service  of 
the  State  of  Illinois,  and  the  amendments  thereto,  the  last  of  which 
was  approved  April  19,  1907,  a  State  Civil  Sendee  Commission 
was  created  which  consists  of  three  commissioners.  It  is  the  duty 
of  the  commission  to  classify  the  offices  and  places  of  employment 


OFFICIALS  OF  AGRICULTURAL  SOCIETIES       121 

in  the  several  charitable  institutions  of  the  State  and  in  all  insti- 
tutions where  the  Board  of  State  Charities  exercises  supervising 
or  visiting  power,  and  no  appointment  to  any  such  position  or 
place  can  be  made  except  under  the  civil  service  rules.  The  com- 
mission makes  rules  to  carry  out  the  act  and  provides  for  the  ex- 
amination of  applicants  for  those  positions  and  is  authorized  to 
make  appointments  and  to  remove  such  officials  under  the  rules 
adopted. 

No  employee  included  within  the  civil  service  can  be  removed 
or  reduced  in  grade  or  compensation  except  as  provided  for  in  this 
law.  The  reader  will  notice  that  the  State  Civil  Service  law  does 
not  apply  to  any  elective  officer  of  the  State  or  to  any  of  the  heads 
of  departments,  or  the  subordinate  officials  and  employees  of  either 
the  executive,  legislative,  or  judicial  departments  of  the  State 
government. 

By  the  Act  of  1907  it  was  enacted  that  the  state  civil  service  law 
should  not  apply  to  members  of  charitable  boards,  trustees,  treas- 
urers and  commissioners,  superintendents  of  charitable  institutions 
and  one  chief  clerk  or  deputy  and  one  stenographer  for  each 
institution. 

OFFICIALS   SELECTED    BY   AGRICULTURAL   SOCIETIES 

State  Board  of  Agriculture  (created  by  act  of  April  15,  1872,  re- 
vised by  act  of  June  23,  1883),  is  a  corporation  consisting 
of  a  President  and  one  Vice-President  from  each  congressional 
.district  in  the  State,  and  the  last  ex-President  of  the  State 
Board  of  Agriculture.  The  President  and  Vice-Presidents 
are  to  be  elected  at  the  fair  grounds  on  Wednesday  of  the 
annual  State  fair,  190S,  and  every  second  year  thereafter, 
by  the  delegates  or  their  written  proxies,  chosen  by  the  sev- 
eral agricultural  societies  in  the  counties  where  societies 
exist.  Where  such  societies  exist,  counties  having  one  so- 
ciety appoint  three  delegates,  counties  having  two  societies 
appoint  two  delegates,  each  having  one  and  a  half  votes, 
and  counties  having  three  societies,  each  society  appoints 
one.  They  take  office  on  the  second  Tuesday  of  January 
after  their  election  and  hold  office  for  two  years. 


122    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  is  appointed  and 
compensation  fixed  by  the  board.  He  holds  office  during 
their  term,  but  may  be  removed  by  the  board  for  good 
cause. 

Treasurer  of  State  Board  of  Agriculture  is  appointed  and 
his  compensation  fixed  by  the  board.  He  gives  bond  as 
the  board  may  direct,  and  holds  office  during  the  term  for 
which  the  board  was  elected,  but  may  be  removed  by  the 
board  for  good  cause. 
Illinois  Farmers'  Institute  (created  by  act  of  June  24,  1895),  is  a 
public  corporation  consisting  of  three  delegates  from  each 
county  of  the  State,  elected  annually  at  the  Farmers'  Insti- 
tute for  the  county.  Its  affairs  are  managed  by  the  Board 
of  Directors,  consisting  of  the  Superintendent  of  Public  In- 
struction, Professor  of  Agriculture  in  the  University  of  Illi- 
nois, and  the  Presidents  of  the  State  Boards  of  Agriculture, 
Horticulture,  and  Dairymen's  Association,  and  one  member 
from  each  congressional  district,  to  be  selected  by  the  dele- 
gates present  from  the  district  at  the  annual  meeting  They 
hold  office  two  years.  The  members  are  selected  by  the 
delegates  one  year  from,  the  oven-numbered  districts,  and 
the   next   year   from   the   odd-numbered   districts. 

President,  Vice-President,  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the 
Farmers'  Institute  are  elected  by  the  Board  of  Directors  for 
one  year,  beginning  July  1st  following  their  election.  The 
salary  of  the  Secretary  is  $2,000  a  year,  payable  monthly. 

The  board  may  employ  superintendents,  speakers,  and 
clerks  and  provide  for  their  compensation. 

Illinois  State  Horticultural  Society  (created  by  act  of  March 
24,  1874),  is  a  public  corporation.  Its  affairs  are  managed 
by  an  executive  board  consisting  of  its  President  and  Secre- 
tary and  the  President  and  one  Vice-President  from  each  of 
the  Northern,  Central,  and  Southern  Horticultural  Societies 
of  the  State.  The  term  of  office  of  the  officers  and  the  exec- 
utive board  is  not  fixed  by  law. 


STATE  BOARDS   EX  OFFICIO  123 

STATE  BOARDS  EX  OFFICIO 
STATE  CANVASSING  BOARD 

Created  by  Act  of  April  3, 1872 
The  Governor. 

The  Secretary  of  State. 

The  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts. 

The  State  Treasurer. 

The  Attorney-General. 

COMMISSIONERS  OF  STATE  CONTRACTS 

Created  by  Act  of  March  31,  1874 

The  Secretary  of  State. 

The  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts. 

The  State  Treasurer. 

The  Attorney-General. 

COMMISSIONERS  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE 
Created  by  Act  of  May  18,  1905 
The  Governor. 

The  Lieutenant-Governor. 

The  Secretary  of  State. 

The  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts. 

The  State  Treasurer. 

The  Attorney-General. 

Three  Judges  of  Supreme  Court. 

COMMISSIONERS  OF  THE  STATE  LIBRARY 
Created  by  Act  of  March  6,  1867 
The  Governor. 

The  Secretary  of  State. 

The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 

TRUSTEES  OF  THE  LINCOLN  HOMESTEAD 

Created  by  Act  of  June  16,  1887 
The  Governor. 

The  Secretary  of  State. 

The  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts. 

The  State  Treasurer. 

The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 


124    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 
TRUSTEES  OF  THE  LINCOLN  MONUMENT 

Created  by  Act  of  May  18,  1895 
The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 
The  State  Treasurer. 

TRUSTEES  OF  THE  NATURAL  HISTORY  MUSEUM 

Created  by  Act  of  May  25,  1877 
The  Governor. 

The  Secretary  of  State. 

The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 

FORT  MASSAC  TRUSTEES 
Created  by  Act  of  May  15,  1903 
The  Governor. 

The  Secretary  of  State. 

The  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts. 

The  State  Regent  Illinois  Daughters  of  American  Revolution. 

Two  Illinois  Daughters  of  American  Revolution. 

BOARD  OF  PRISON  INDUSTRIES 
Created  by  Act  of  May  11,  1903 
Commissioners  of  the  Illinois  State  Penitentiary. 
Commissioners  of  Southern  Illinois  Penitentiary. 
Board  of  Managers  of  Illinois  State  Reformatory. 

APPOINTED  BY  THE  STATE  SENATE 

President  of  Senate  pro  tern. 

Secretary  and  2  Assistants. 

Sergeant  at  Arms  and  2  Assistants. 

Postmaster  and  1  Assistant. 

3  Policemen. 

7  Pages. 

Committee  Clerks  not  to  exceed  10  in  number. 

Private  Secretary  of  Presiding  Officer. 

BY  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES 

Presiding  Officer  of  said  House. 
Clerk  and  3  Assistants. 
Doorkeeper  and  3  Assistants. 


OFFICIALS  APPOINTED   BY  SENATE  AND   HOUSE    125 

Postmaster  and  1  Assistant. 

4  Policemen. 
10  Pages. 

Private  Secretary  of  Presiding  Officer. 
Committee  Clerks  not  to  exceed  13  in  number, 

BY  JUDGES  OF  THE  SUPREME  COURT 
1  Private  Secretary  for  each  Justice,  who  must  be  a  licensed  at- 
torney. 

5  Members  Board  of  Law  Examiners. 
Reporter  for  the  Court. 

Librarian. 

BY  CIRCUIT  JUDGES  AND  JUDGES  OF  SUPERIOR  COURT  OF 

COOK  COUNTY  AND  OF  THE  CITY  COURTS  OTHER 

THAN  THE  MUNICIPAL  COURT  OF  CHICAGO 

1  Master  in  Chancery  by  each  of  these  judges.     Term  two  years. 
1  Shorthand  Reporter  by  each  Circuit  Judge.      (In  Cook  County 
only  when  authorized  by  the  County  Board. ) 

BY  THE  JUDGES  OF  THE  CIRCUIT  COURT  OF  COOK 
COUNTY 

5   Commissioners  of  the   South  Parks.     Term  five  years.     Serve 
without  compensation. 
The  board  may  appoint  a  Secretary  and  a  Treasurer. 


LIST   OF   APPOINTIVE   COUNTY   OFFICERS 

BY  THE  JUDGES  OF  THE   COURTS  OF  RECORD  IN  EVERY 
COUNTY  OF  250,000  POPULATION    (CIRCUIT, 
SUPERIOR,  COUNTY,  AND  PROBATE 
COURTS  IN  COOK  COUNTY, 

3  Jury  Commissioners.    Term  three  years.    Salary  $1,500  per  annum. 
The  Jury  Commissioners  may  appoint  a  Clerk  and  the  required 
number  of  assistants  at  salaries  to  be  fixed  by  the  County 
Board,  not  to  exceed  $2,000  and  $1,200,  respectively. 

BY  THE  COUNTY  COURT 

3  Election  Commissioners  in  each  city,  village,  and  incorporated 
town  adopting  what  is  known  as  the  "  City  Election  Law  " 
of  June  19,  1885.  (Chicago  and  East  St.  Louis  have  adopted 
it.)  Term  three  years.  Salary  in  counties  of  1st  class  — 
$500;  in  counties  of  2d  class  —  $700;  and  in  counties  of  3d 
class  (Cook), —  $2,500  per  annum. 
These  commissioners  elect  one  of  their  number  as  Chairman 
and  one  as  Secretary.  A  Chief  Clerk  is  employed  by  the 
board.  Salary  $400,  $1,200,  and  $4,000,  respectively,  in  the 
several  classes  of  counties. 

1  Oil  Inspector  for  each  township  in  the  county  outside  of  incor- 

porated cities,  towns,  and  villages.     Term  one  year. 
The  Clerks  of  Superior  and  Circuit  Courts  and  of  the  Supreme 

Court,  Probate  and  County  Courts,  and  of  the  City  Courts 

each  appoint  Deputy  Clerks. 
The  Sheriff  and  Coroner  each  appoint  Deputies. 

BY  RECORDERS  OF  DEEDS  AND  EX  OFFICIO  RECORDERS 

OF  DEEDS  AS  REGISTRARS  OF  TITLE  UNDER 

TORRENS  LAW 

Deputy  Registrars  of  Title  in  each  county  adopting  the  Torrens 
system. 

2  Attorneys  as'Examiners  of  Title  in  each  county    adopting  the 

Torrens  system. 

126 


APPOINTIVE  BOUNTY: 'OFFICERS  127 

BY  COUNTY  BOARD  OF  SUPERVISORS  IN  COUNTIES  UNDER 
TOWNSHIP  ORGANIZATION 

1   Overseer  of  the  Poor  for  each  town  of  over  4,000  population. 

(On  request  of  Supervisor  of  the  town,  who  is  ex  officio 

Overseer  of  the  Poor. )     Term  of  office  and  compensation 

are  fixed  by  the  board. 
3  Inspectors  of  Toll  Roads  (if  any  such  road  exists  in  the  county). 

Term  two  years.     Compensation  $3  for  each  day  actually 

employed  in  such  work. 

BY   COUNTY  BOARD   IN  COUNTIES  NOT  UNDER  TOWNSHIP 

ORGANIZATION 

1  ( )verseer  of  the  Poor  in  each  Precinct  (a  Justice  of  the  Peace  may 
be  designated  by  the  board  to  perform  this  duty). 

3  Fence  Viewers.  In  each  Precinct  appointed  in  December  for  a 
term  of  one  year. 

3  Viewers  to  locate  new  roads  on  each  petition  of  voters  therefor. 
Compensation  fixed  by  the  County  Board. 

1  Supervisor  of  Roads  in  each  Road  District  in  counties  adopting 
the  Road  and  Bridge  act  of  May  10,  1901.  (The  counties 
not  under  township  organization  are  divided  by  the  County 
Board  into  Road  Districts. )  Appointed  in  December  for 
term  of  one  year.     Compensation  fixed  by  the  County  Board. 

3  Commissioners  of  Highways  in  each  Road  District  under  act  of 
May  4,  1887.  Term  of  office  three  years.  Compensation 
SI. 50  per  day  for  time  actually  employed  in  their  work. 

1  District  Clerk  in  each  Road  District,  who  is  also  Treasurer  of  the 
Board  of  Highway  Commissioners  for  his  district.  Term 
three  years.  Is  allowed  a  per  diem  charge  for  service's  at 
meetings  of  the  board;  also  certain  fees  and  commissions 
on  moneys  received  and  paid. 

BY  COMMISSIONERS  OF  HIGHWAYS  IN  EACH  TOWN 
1  Overseer  of  Highways  in  each  Road  District  in  towns  where  the 
road  tax  is  paid  in  labor.     Term  of  office  one  year.     Is  en- 
titled to  $1.25  per  day  for  every  day  necessarily  employed. 


LIST   OF    APPOINTIVE   OFFICERS   FOR   COOK 

COUNTY 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  COUNTY  BOARD 

3  Civil  Service  Commissioners.     Term  three  years.     Salary  $2,000 
per  annum. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT  WITH  THE  ADVICE  AND  CONSENT  OF 
THE  BOARD   OF   COUNTY  COMMISSIONERS 

1    Superintendent   of    Public    Service.     Term   two   years.     Salary 

$5,000  per  annum. 
1  County  Attorney.     Term  two  years.     Salary  $4,200  per  annum 
1  Auditor  of  County  Board.     Term  two  years.     Salary  $3,000. 
1  Warden,  Cook  County  Hospital.     Term  two  years.     Salary  $3,240. 
1  County  Physician.     Term  two  years.     Salary  $2,500  per  annum. 
1  Superintendent  of  County  Institutions  at  Dunning.     Term  two 

years.     Salary  $3,240  per  annum. 
1  County  Agent.     Term  two  years.     Salary  $3,000  per  annum. 
1  County  Architect.     Term  two  years. 

There  are  a  large  number  of  subordinate  officers  and  employees 
of  the  county  in  addition  to  the  heads  of  department,  etc.,  above 
named. 

APPOINTMENTS  UNDER   COUNTY  CIVIL  SERVICE  LAW 

All  the  subordinate  officials  and  employees  who  act  under  the 
control  and  jurisdiction  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  are  classified, 
appointed,  and  hold  their  places  under  the  civil  service  laws  relating 
to  Cook  County  of  which  there  are  three  classes: 

1.  A  general  law  in  force  July  1,  1895,  as  amended  by  a  law  in 
force  July  1,  1905,  which  places  under  the  merit  rule  the  employees 
of  all  the  county  departments,  and  institutions  which  are  under 
the  control  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners,  except  the  officials  ap- 
pointed by  the  President  or  by  the  board,  named  in  the  above  list. 

2.  An  act  in  force  July  1,  1905,  placing  the  physicians  and 
surgeons  of  the  County  Hospital  under  civil  service. 

128 


COOK   COUNTY  CIVIL  SERVICE  LAW  129 

3.  An  act  of  the  same  date  placing  the  Probation  Officers  of 
the  Juvenile  Court  under  civil  service  rules. 

These  laws  are  administered  by  a  commission  of  three  members 
appointed  one  each  year  by  the  President  of  the  Board.  Each 
appointee  serves  three  years  in  rotation,  and  not  more  than  two  of 
them  are  of  the  same  political  party.  This  board  adopted  rules 
taking  effect  January  2,  1903,  classifying  all  subordinate  officers  and 
employees  of  the  county  subject  to  the  civil  service  and  providing 
for  their  examination,  appointment,  and  promotion. 

These  laws  do  not  include  the  subordinate  officers  of,  or  em- 
ployees in  the  offices  of  the  Sheriff,  Recorder,  County  Clerk,  Clerks 
of  the  Courts,  Board  of  Assessors,  or  Board  of  Review,  all  such 
employees  being  appointed  by  the  heads  of  these  offices  respectively. 
The  number  of  such  subordinate  employees  is  regulated  and  fixed 
by  the  judges  of  the  courts  of  record  in  Cook  County  who  act  in 
the  matter  on  the  application  by  petition  of  the  elected  heads  of 
the  respective  county  offices.  A  bill  to  regulate  the  civil  service 
in  counties  and  to  include  all  the  employees  of  the  offices  last 
named  (except  the  chief  assistants  and  the  various  elective  officers) 
under  the  merit  system,  was  introduced  in  the  legislature  February 
5,  1907,  but  failed  to  become  a  law. 

BY  THE  MAYOR  OF  A  CITY 

(For  list  of  Chicago  officers  appointed,  see  page  131 ) 

1  Director  of  State  Pawners'  Society. 

3  Police  Pension  Fund  Commissioners. 

3  Members  Board  of  Fire  and  Police  Commission  in  cities  of  popu- 
lation of  7,000  to  100,000. 

3  Directors  of  Hospital.     Term  three  years. 

City  Collector. 

City  Marshal. 

City  Superintendent  of  Streets. 

Corporation  Counsel. 

City  Comptroller. 

Board  of  Pardons. 

3  Civil  Service  Commissioners.  Term  three  years.  Salary  $3,000 
per  annum. 


130    VOTERS'  HANDBOOK  AND  CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

A  Chief  Examiner  and  Secretary  is  appointed  by  the  commis- 
sion. 
1  or  more  Police  Matrons.     In  cities  of  16,000  or  over,  to  be  con- 
firmed by  City  Council,  etc.     In  cities  of  50,000  or  over,  not 
to  be  confirmed  by  council.     Term  one  year. 

3  Members  Examining  Board  of  Plumbers.     Term  one  year. 

4  Members  Board  of  Local  Improvements  in  cities  of  100,000  pop- 

ulation or  over.     Statute  names  persons  in  other  instances. 
3  Members  State  Art  Commission. 
Examiner  or  Board  of  Examiners  for  persons  starting  or  running 

elevators. 

ALSO  IN  CITIES  HAVING  50,000  OR  MORE  POPULATION  THE 

FOLLOWING: 

Commissioner \)f  Public  Works.     Term  two  years.     [Salary  fixed  by 

City  Council. 
Superintendent  of  Streets.     Term  two  years.     Salary  fixed  by  City 

Council. 
Superintendent^  Special  Assessments.     Term  two  years.     Salary 

fixed  by  City  Council. 
Superintendent  of  Sewers.     Term  two  years.     Salary  fixed  by  City 

Council. 
City  Engineer.     Term  two  years.     Salary  fixed  by  City  Council. 

BY  PRESIDENT  OF  VILLAGE  OR  TOWN  BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES 

3  Police  Pension  Fund  Commissioners. 

Council  or  Board  of  Trustees  to  appoint  board  to  examine  persons 

in  charge  of  steam  boilers. 
Board  of  Trustees  may  appoint  Examiner  or  Board  of  Examiners 

•    for  persons  in  charge  or  running  elevators. 
President  and  Board  of  Trustees  to  appoint  Clerk  pro  tern. 
Treasurer. 

1  or  more  Street  Commissioners. 
Village  Marshal. 

BY  TRUSTEES  OF  SANITARY  DISTRICT  OF  CHICAGO 

1  Clerk,  1  Treasurer,  1  Chief  Engineer,  1  Attorney. 


OFFICIALS  APPOINTED   BY  MAYOR  OF  CHICAGO  131 

BY  THE  MAYOR  OF  THE  CITY  OF  CHICAGO 

Appraisers  under  leases  with  city.      (By  Mayor  or  Comptroller.) 

City  Weighers  (as  many  as  Mayor  thinks  proper). 

Chief  Matron  and  such  Assistant  Matrons  as  council  shall   provide 

for,  on  first  Monday  in  May  of  each  year.     Term  one  year. 

Salary  Chief  Matron  $1,000. 
3  Civil  Service  Commissioners.     Term  three  years.     Salary  $3,000 

per  annum. 
1  Chief  Examiner  who  is  also  Secretary  of  the  Commission  is 

appointed  by  it.     Salary  $3,000  per  annum. 
Deputy  Commissioner  of  Public  Works.     Salary  $3,600  per  annum. 
3  Inspectors  of  Public  Vehicles. 

3  Members  of  Municipal  Art  Commission. 

Private  Secretary  of  Mayor.     Salary  $3,600  per  annum. 
Superintendent  of  House  of  Correction  appointed  by  Mayor  with 

consent  of  Board  of  Inspectors  of  the  House.     Term  four 

years.     Salary  $3,000  per  annum. 

BY  THE  MAYOR  OF  CHICAGO  BY   AND  WITH  THE  ADVICE 
AND  CONSENT  OF  THE  CITY  COUNCIL 

Attorney  for  Police  Department. 

Bridge  Tenders   (to  the  number  provided  for  by  the  council). 

Building  Commissioner.     Salary  $5,000  per  annum. 

Business  Agent. 

Board  of  Examiners  of  Stationary  Engineers.  Salary  $2,000  per 
annum. 

2  Members  Board  of  Examiners  of  Plumbers.  Salary  $1,500  per 
annum. 

Secretary  Board  of  Examiners  of  Plumbers.  Salary  $1,500  per 
annum. 

21  Members  of  Board  of  Education.  Term  three  years.  No  com- 
pensation. 

4  Members  of  the  Board  of  Local  Improvements.     Salary  fixed  by 

City  Council  at  $4,000  per  annum. 
City  Collector.     Salary  $6,000  per  annum. 
City  Electrician.     Salary  $5,000  per  annum. 


132    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

City  ^Physician.     Salary  $3,000  per  annum. 

City  Sealer.     Salary  $3,000  per  annum. 

Coal  Inspector. 

Commissioner  of  Health.     Salary  $6,000  per  annum. 

Commissioner  of  Public  Works.     Salary  $10,000  per  annum. 

Comptroller.     Salary  $10,000  per  annum. 

Corporation  Counsel.     Salary  $10,000  per  annum. 

Chief  Inspector  of  Steam  Boilers.     Salary  $3,600  per  annum. 

Fish  Inspector.     Salary  $2,000  per  annum. 

Harbor  Master.     Salary  $1,350  per  annum. 

Inspector  of  Gas  Meters  and  Gas. 

Inspector  of  Weights  and  Measures. 

3  Inspectors  of  House  of  Correction.  Term  three  years.  Mayor  is 
ex  officio  member  of  this  board. 

9  Directors  of  Library  Board.  Term  three  years.  No  compensa- 
tion. 

Oil  Inspector.     Salary  $300  per  month. 

8  Poundmasters. 

Prosecuting  Attorney.     Salary  $3,600  per  annum. 

Superintendent  of  Dayton  St.  Market. 

Superintendent  of  Police.     Salary  $8,000  per  annum. 

Superintendent  of  West  Randolph  St.  Market. 

Superintendent  Track  Elevation. 

Superintendent  of  Real  Estate. 

Superintendent  of  Information  Bureau. 

South  Park  Ave.  Market  Master. 

Vessel  Dispatcher. 

BY  COMMISSIONER  OF  PUBLIC  WORKS  WITH  CONSENT  OF 

MAYOR 

Secretary  to  Commissioner  of  Public  Works. 

APPOINTMENTS   UNDER  CITY  CIVIL   SERVICE  LAW 

The  greater  number  of  above  appointees  are  heads  of  bureaus  or 
departments  of  the  city  administration,  and  have  under  them  a  large 
number  of  subordinate  employees,  most  of  whom  are  employed  or 
appointed  and  classified  under  and  are  subject  to  the  rules  of  the 


CIVIL  SERVICE  LAW   OF   CHICAGO  133 

civil  service  under  the  act  of  March  20,  1895,  to'  regulate  the  civil 
service  of  cities  and  the  amendments  thereto  in  effect  in  Chicago  on 
August  25,  1895.  It  places  under  the  merit  system  all  officers  and 
employees  of  the  city  except  those  elected  by  the  people,  those 
appointed  by  the  Mayor  or  by  the  Mayor  with  the  consent  of  the 
council,  referred  to  in  above  list.  It  excepts  also  the  judges  and 
clerks  of  election,  the  Mayor's  private  secretary,  the  members  of  the 
Law  Department,  and  other  heads  of  the  principal  departments  of 
the  City  Government,  the  superintendent  and  teachers  of  the  public 
schools  and  members  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

The  examination  and  appointment,  promotion,  and  removal  of 
all  employees  of  the  city  placed  under  the  civil  service  law  is  under  the 
direction  of  the  Civil  Service  Commission,  so-called,  which  con- 
sists of  three  men  appointed  by  the  Mayor  as  above  stated.  Not 
more  than  two  of  them  can  belong  to  the  same  political  party.  They 
may  be  removed  by  the  Mayor.  They  are  required  to  classify  the 
offices  and  places  of  employment  under  the  civil  service,  examine 
all  applicants  for  such  places,  and  certify  to  the  heads  of  the  depart- 
ments and  other  officials  requiring  help  the  names  of  those  persons 
who  stand  highest  on  the  list  of  applicants  who  have  shown  them- 
selves by  examination  to  be  eligible  for  employment.  The  com- 
mission also  makes  examination  for  promotion  of  persons  who  are 
in  the  city's  employ  and  by  the  civil  service  rules  a  record  is  kept 
under  the  authority  of  the  commission  of  the  attendance,  industry, 
quality  of  work  and  deportment  of  the  employees,  and  this  record 
is  referred  to  and  aids  in  examination  for  promotion.  In  the  Police 
Department,  additional  credit  is  given  for  courageous  acts,  saving 
life,  and  efficiency  in  making  arrests,  etc. 

The  commission  is  required  to  investigate  charges  made  against 
employees  in  the  classified  service  and  it  may  remove  them  for  good 
cause  after  hearing. 


FEDERAL   OFFICIALS   APPOINTED   FOR   ILLINOIS 

UNITED    STATES    CIRCUIT    COURT  OF   APPEALS— SEVENTH 

CIRCUIT 

(Comprising  Illinois,  Indiana,  and  Wisconsin) 
Three  Circuit  Judges. 
Clerk  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals. 

Statutory  Terms:     At  Chicago,  first  Tuesdays  of  January,  May,  and 
October. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CIRCUIT  AND  DISTRICT 

COURTS 

(Comprising  Northern^  Southern,  and  Eastern  Districts) 

NORTHERN  DISTRICT 

Two  District  Judges. 

Clerk  Circuit  Court. 

Clerk  District  Court. 

District  Attorney. 

United  States  Marshal. 

Thirteen  United  States  Commissioners : 

Ten  for  Chicago. 

One  for  South  Chicago. 

One  for  Freeport. 

One  for  Streator. 
Referees  in  Bankruptcy: 

Two,  Chicago,  for  Cook,  Lake  and  McHenry. 

One  for  Will  and  Grundy. 

One  for  DuPage,  Kane,  Kendall,  and  DeKalb. 

One  for  La  Salle. 

One  for  Boone,  Jo  Daviess,  Stephenson,  and  "Winnebago. 

One  for  Carroll,  Lee,  Ogle,  and  Whiteside. 
Two  Jury  Commissioners. 

The  Northern  District  is  divided  into  the  Eastern  and  Western 
Divisions.     The  Eastern  Division  is  composed  of  the  counties  of 

134 


APPOINTIVE  FEDERAL  OFFICIALS  135. 

Cook,  DeKalb,  DuPage,  Grundy,  Kane,  Kendall,  Lake,  La  Salle, 
McHenry,  and  Will. 

Statutory  Terms.  At  Chicago,  first  Monday  of  July  and  third 
Monday  of  December.  Adjourned  Terms  (created  by  rule  of  court). 
At  Chicago,  first  Mondays  of  March,  May,  and  October. 

The  Western  Division  is  composed  of  the  counties  of  Boone, 
Carroll,  Jo  Daviess,  Lee,  Ogle,  Stephenson,  Whiteside  and  Winne- 
bago. 

Statutory  Terms.  At  Freeport,  third  Mondays  of  April  and 
October. 

SOUTHERN  DISTRICT 
One  District  Judge. 
Clerk  Circuit  Court. 
District  Attorney. 
Clerk  District  Court. 
United  States  Marshal. 

Chief  Deputy  Circuit  and  District  Clerk  at  Peoria  Office. 
United  States  Commissioners  at  Springfield,  Bloomington,  Quincy, 

and  Peoria. 
Referees  in  Bankruptcy  at  Peoria,  Rock  Island,  Galesburg,  and 
Pontiac  for  the  Northern  Division;    and  at  Springfield  and 
Bloomington  for  the  Southern  Division. 

The  Southern  District  is  divided  into  the  Northern  and  South- 
ern Divisions. 

The  Northern  Division  is  composed  of  the  counties  of  Bureau, 
Fulton,  Henderson,  Henry,  Knox,  Livingston,  Marshall,  McDonough, 
Mercer,  Peoria,  Putnam,  Rock  Island,  Stark,  Tazewell,  Warren, 
and  Woodford. 

Statutory  Terms.  At  Peoria,  third  Mondays  of  April  and 
October. 

The  Southern  Division  is  composed  of  the  counties  of  Adams, 
Bond,  Brown,  Calhoun,  Cass,  Christian,  DeWitt,  Greene,  Han- 
cock, Jersey,  Logan,  Macon,  Macoupin,  Madison,  Mason,  McLean, 
Menard,  Morgan,  Montgomery,  Pike,  Sangamon,  Schuyler,  and 
Scott. 

Statutory  Terms.  At  Springfield,  first  Mondays  of  January  and 
June.     At  Quincy,  first  Monday  of  September. 


136    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

EASTERN  DISTRICT 

One  District  Judge. 
Clerk  Circuit  Court. 
Clerk  District  Court. 
District  Attorney. 
United  States  Marshal. 

United  States  Commissioners  at  Cairo,  Olney,   East  St.  Louis,  Dan- 
ville, and  Paris. 
Referee  in  Bankruptcy :  Danville. 

The  Eastern  District  is  composed  of  the  counties  of  Alexander, 
Champaign,  Clark,  Clay,  Clinton,  Coles,  Crawford,  Cumberland, 
Douglas,  Edgar,  Edwards,  Effingham,  Fayette,  Ford,  Franklin, 
Gallatin,  Hamilton,  Hardin,  Iroquois,  Jackson,  Jasper,  Jefferson, 
Johnson,  Kankakee,  Lawrence,  Marion,  Massac,  Monroe,  Moultrie, 
Perry,  Piatt,  Pope,  Pulaski,  Randolph,  Richland,  Saline,  Shelby, 
St.  Clair,  Union,  Vermilion,  Wabash,  Washington,  Wayne,  White, 
and  Williamson. 

Statutory  Terms.  At  Danville,  first  Mondays  of  March  and 
September.  At  Cairo,  first  Mondays  of  April  and  October.  At 
East  St.  Louis,  first  Mondays  of  May  and  November. 

OTHER  FEDERAL  APPOINTEES  FOR  ILLINOIS 

Collectors  of  Internal  Revenue. 

First  District,  Chicago. 

Fifth  District,  Peoria. 

Eighth  District,  Springfield. 

Thirteenth  District,  East  St.  Louis. 
United  States  Appraiser,  Chicago. 

Special  Agent,  United  States  Bureau  of  Labor,  Chicago. 
Chief  Special  Agent,  United  States  Bureau  of  the  Census,  Chicogo. 
Collector  of  Customs,  Chicago. 
United  States  Engineer,  Chicago. 

General  Commanding  Department  of  the  Lakes,  Chicago. 
United  States  Hydrographic  Officer,  Chicago. 
Chief  Immigrant  Inspector,  Chicago. 
Inspectors  of  Steam  Vessels  and  Boilers,  Chicago. 


APPOINTIVE  FEDERAL  OFFICIALS  137 

Assistant  Inspector,  Life  Saving  Service,  Chicago. 

Inspector  of  Light  House  Establishment,  Chicago. 

Naval  Officer,  Chicago. 

United  States  Pension  Agent,  Chicago. 

Secret  Service  Operative,  Chicago. 

United  States  Assistant  Treasurer,  Chicago. 

Professor  in  Charge  of  Weather  Bureau,  Chicago. 


138    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 


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VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL   139 


POPULAR  VOTE   FOR   PRESIDENT    1896. 

(Republican  pluralities  in  roman;  opposition  pluralities  in  heavy-face.) 


States 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut..  .  . 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts  . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada...  .".... 
N.  Hampshire  . 
New  Jersey .... 

New  York 

North  Carolina . 
North  Dakota... 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania... 
Rhode  Island .  . 
South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota  .. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington...  . 
West  Virginia  . 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Totals 

Majority 


M'Kinley 
Rep. 


54,737 

37,512 
146,688 

26,271 
110,285 

16,804 

11,288 

60,091 
6,324 
607,130 
323,754 
289,293 
159,345 
218,171 

22,037 

80,465 
136,959 
278,976 
293,582 
193,501 
5,130 
304,940 

10,494 

103,064 

1,938 

57,444 
221,367 
819,838 
155,222 

26,335 
525,991 

48,779 
728,300 

36,437 
9,281 

41,042 
148,773 
167,520 

13,491 

51,127 
135,368 

39,153 
105,368 
268,135 

10,072 


Bryan 

&  Sewall 

Dem. 


107,137 

110,103 

123,143 

158,674 

56,740 

13,424 

30,683 

94,232 

23,192 

464,523 

305,753 

223,741 

126,660 

217,890 

77,175 

32,201 

104,735 

90,530 

236,714 

139,626 

56,363 

363,667 

42,537 

115,999 

7,802 

21,271 

133,675 

551,396 

174,488 

20,686 

474,882 

46,662 

422,054 

14,459 

58,798 

41,225 

163,651 

290,862 

64,607 

10,179 

154,709 

51,646 

94,480 

165,523 

10,369 


7,107,822  6,288,866 
284,771 


Bryan& 

Watson 

Peo. 


24,089 


21,623 
2,389 


2,053 


1,090 


46,194 


2,487 

i5,isi 


7,517 


575 
379 


2,615 
il',i74 


4,525 
79,572 


458 


286 


222,207 


Lever- 
ing 
Pro. 


2,147 

889 

2,573 

1,717 

1,808 

355 

654 

5,543 

197 

9,796 

3,056 

3,192 

1,611 

4,781 


1,570 
5,918 
2,998 
5,025 
4,365 

485 
2,196 

186 
1,243 


779 

5,614 

16,052 

675 

358 

5,068 

919 

19,274 

1,160 


683 
3,098 
1,786 


733 
2,350 

968 
1,216 
7,509 

136 


130,683 


Palmer 
G.  D. 


6,462 
2,006 


4,234 

877 

1,778 

2,708 


6,390 
2,145 
4,516 
1,209 
5,019 
1,834 
1,870 
2,507 
11,749 
6,879 
3,230 
1,071 
2,355 


2,885 


3,520 

6,373 

18,950 


1,857 

977 

11,000 

1,166 

828 


1,951 
5,046 
21 
1,331 
2,129 
1,668 
675 
4,584 


133,800 


Plu- 
rality 


76,489 
72,591 

1,922 

134,792 
53,545 
3,360 
21,448 
34,141 
16,868 

141,517 
18,001 
65,452 
13,509 
281 
55,138 
45,777 
32,224 

173,265 
56,868 
53,875 
58,750 
58,727 
32,043 
12,935 
6,439 
35,794 
87,692 

268,469 

19,266 

9,465 

48,494 

2,117 

295,072 

21,978 

49,517 

183 

19,403 

202,914 
33,116 
40,490 
19,341 
12,493 
10,888 

102,612 
583 


*Total 
Vote 


194,572 
149,397 
298,691 
189,620 
174,390 

31,460 

46,461 
163,061 

29,695 
1,090,869 
637,305 
521,547 
335,639 
445,861 
101,046 
118,593 
250,842 
401,568 
544,492 
341,637 

70,566 
674,019 

53,217 
224,171 

10,315 

83,670 

371,014 

1,545,956 

329,710 

47,379 
1,014,292 

97,337 
1,194,255 

53,785 

68,907 

82,950 
321,998 
544,786 

96,124 

63,828 
294,664 

93,583 
201,739 
447,411 

20.86.S 


14,073,285 


♦Includes  scattering,  blank  andjdefective  votes. 


140 


POPULAR  VOTE   FOR   PRESIDENT   1900 

(Republican  pluralities  in  roman;   opposition  pluralities  in  heavy-face.) 


[State 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut..  .  . 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts  . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

N.  Hampshire  . 
New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina . 
North  Dakota  . 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania... 
Rhode  Island.  . 
South  Carolina 
South  Dakota. . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington.  . . 
West  Virginia... 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Total.. 

Majority 


M'Kinley 
Rep. 


55,634 

44,800 
164,755 
£93,072 
1 02,567 
£22,529 
7,419 

35,035 

27,198 
597,985 
336,063 
307,808 
185,955 
226,801 

14,233 

65,435 
136,212 
238,866 
316,269 
190,461 
5,753 
314,091 

25,373 

121,835 

3,860 

54,803 
221,707 
821,992 
133,081 

35,891 
543,918 

46,526 
712,665 

33,784 
3,579 

54,536 
121,194 
130,641 

47,139 

42,568 
115,865 

57,456 
119,842 
265,866 

14,517 


f,217,810 
463,646 


Bryan 
Dem. 


96,368 

81,142 

124,985 

122,733 

73,997 

18,858 

28,260 

81,700 

29,414 

503,061 

309,584 

209,265 

162,601 

234,899 

53,671 

36,822 

122,271 

156,999 

211,685 

112,901 

51,706 

351,922 

37,146 

114,013 

6,376 

35,489 

164,808 

678,386 

157,752 

20,519 

474,882 

33,385 

424,232 

19,812 

47,233 

39,544 

144,751 

267,423 

45,006 

12,849 

146,080 

44,833 

98,705 

159,285 

10,298 


6,357,826 


Wool- 
ley 
Pro. 


1,407 

584 

5,024 

3,790 

1,617 

538 

2,239 

1,396 

857 

17,623 

13,718 

9,502 

3,605 

2,814 


2,585 
4,582 
6,207 
11,859 
8,555 


5,965 

298 

3,685 


1,270 
7,183 

22,043 
1,006 
^731 

10,203 
2,516 

27,908 
1,529 


1,542 

3,900 

2,644 

209 

383 

2,150 

2,363 

1,585 

10,124 


208,791 


Barker 
Peo. 


3,796 
972 


389 


1,133 
4,584 

213 
1,141 
1,438 

613 


2,017 


833 


1,644 
4,244 


1,104 


669 


830 
110 
251 
302 

638 


i-*339 

1,368 

20,981 


368 


274 


50,218 


Debs 
S.  D. 


7,554 
654 

1,029 

57 

601 


9,687 
2,374 
2,742 
1,605 
760 


878 

908 

9,595 

2,826 

3,065 


6,128 
708 
823 


790 

4,609 

12,869 


**518 
4,847 
1,466 
4,831 


176 

410 

1,846 

720 


2,006 
286 
524 


87,769 


Plu- 
rality 


40,474 
36,342 

39,770 
29,661 
28,570 
3,671 
20,841 
46,665 
2,216 
94,924 
26,479 
98,543 
23,354 
8,098 
39,438 
28,613 
31,941 
81,867 

104,584 
77,560 
45,953 
37,831 
11,773 
7,822 
2,516 
19,314 
56,899 

143,606 
26,671 
15,372 
69,036 
13,141 

284,433 
13,972 
43,654 
14,992 
33,557 

136,782 
2,133 
29,719 
30,215 
12,623 
21,137 

106,581 
4,219 


*Total 
Vote 


157,205 

127,839 

302,318 

221,336 

180,118 

41,982 

39,051 

121,715 

57,781 

1,131,894 

664,094 

530,355 

353,766 

467,580 

69,904 

105,720 

264,511 

414,266 

544,375 

316,311 

59,150 

683,644 

63,64i 

241,478 

10,236 

92,352 

401,650 

1,547,912 

292,669 

57,769 

1,040,073 

'  82,729 

1,173,210 

56,568 

50,812 

96,13i 

271,623 

423,706 

93,18o 

56,168 

264,095 

107,524 

220,692 

442,894 

24,S1^ 


13,967,380 


♦Includes  scattering,  blank  and  defective  votes. 


POPULAR   VOTE  FOR  PRESIDENT   1904 


141 


POPULAR  VOTE   FOR   PRESIDENT    1904 


State 


Ala 

Ark 

M^alif . . .  . 

--Col 

./Conn.  . . 

Del 

Fla 

Ga 

•Tdaho  . . 
^'Illinois 

^Ind 

/Iowa.  .  . 

Kan. .  .  . 

Ken 

La 

vMe 

.  Md 

/Mass.. .  . 

.Mich...  . 

Minn.  .. 

Miss. .  .  . 

Mo 

/Mont.... 

Xeb 

Nev.  . .  . 

N.  H.  .. 

>*N.  J. .  .  . 

/  N.  Y.  . . 

^     N.  Car. . 

v    N.  Dak. 

/Ohio    .. 

«'  Ore 

•^enn.  . . 

It.  I 

S.  Car. 
.     v'S.  Dak. 

Tenn.  .. 

Texas  . . 
""Utah.  .  . 

•  Vt 

Va 

.j  Wash. .  . 

•  W.  Va.. 

V  Wis 

^  Wy 

Total 
Plural. 
Maj'ty  . 


Roose- 
velt 
Rep. 


22,474 

46,860 

205,226 

134,687 

111,089 

23,705 

8,314 

24,003 

47,789 

632,645 

368,289 

307,907 

210,893 

205,277 

5,205 

64,438 

109,497 

257,822 

361,866 

216,615 

3,168 

321,449 

34,932 

138.558 

6,867 

54,180 

245,138 

859,444 

82,442 

52,658 

600,095 

60,455 

840,949 

41,605 

2,554 

72,083 

105,369 

51,242 

62,444 

40,459 

46,450 

101,504 

132,608 

279,870 

20,467 


Parker 
Dem. 


79,857 

64,434 

89,404 

100,105 

72,909 

19,347 

27,046 

83,472 

18,480 

327,606 

274,345 

149,141 

84,800 

217,170 

47,708 

27,638 

109,446 

165,746 

134,151 

55,442 

53,280 

296,312 

21,773 

51,876 

3,982 

33,995 

164,550 

683,822 

124,121 

14,296 

344,674 

17,521 

337,998 

24,839 

52,563 

21,969 

131,653 

167,200 

33,413 

9,777 

80,638 

28,098 

100,850 

124,036 

8,904 


7,621,59115,080,387 

2,541,204 

1,733,8351 


Swal- 
low 
Pro. 


612 

993 

7.3S0 

3,438 

1,506 

607 

5 

685 

1,013 

34,770 

23,496 

11,601 

7,244 

6,609 


1,510 
3,034 
4,274 
13,308 
5,344 


7,191 

335 

6,323 


749 

6,838 

20,776 

361 

1,140 

19,339 

3,806 

33,717 

768 


2,965 
1,889 
4,292 


792 
1,382 
3,229 
4,604 
9,770 

207 


257903 


Debs 
Soc. 


839 

1,816 

29,535 

4,304 

4,543 

146 

1,605 

197 

4,949 

69,225 

12,013 

14.S47 

15,494 

3,602 

995 

2,103 

2,247 

13,604 

8,941 

6,973 

392 

13,009 

5,676 

7,412 

925 

1,090 

9,582 

36,883 

124 

2,017 

36,260 

7,619 

21,863 

956 

22 

3,138 

1,354 

2,791 

5,767 

859 

56 

9,975 

1,574 

28,220 

1,077 


396619 


Watson 
Feo. 


5,040 
2,318 


824 

494 

51 


22,635 
353 
6,725 
2,444 
2,207 
6,156 
2,511 


338 


1,294 
1,159 


1,424 

4,226 

1,520 

20,518 

344 

83 

3,704 

7,459 

819 

166 
1,392 

753 


1 
1,240 
1,354 
8,062 


359 
669 
639 
530 


109,811 


Rep. 
Plu- 
ralities 


115,822 

34,582 

38,180 

4,358 


29,309 
305,039 

93,944 
258,766 
126,093 


36,800 
51 

92,076 
227,715 
161,173 


25,137 
13,159 
86,682 
2,885 
20,185 
80,588 
175,622 


38,362 
255,421 

42,934 
502,951 

16,766 


50,114 


29,031 
30,682 


73,406 

31,758 

155,834 

11,563 


31669SS 


Opp. 
Plu- 
ralities 


57,383 
17,574 


18,732 
59,469 


11,893 
42,503 


50,112 


41,679 


50,009 


26,284 
115.95S 


34,188 


525,784 


*Total 
Vote 


108,822 
116,421 
331,871 
243,693 
191,127 

43.856 

39,307 
130,992 

72,584 
1,076,499 
682,185 
485,703 
324,588 
435,765 

53,905 

96,027 
224,224 
445,104 
520,437 
2S6.224 

58,264 
643,861 

64,444 
232,268 

12,118 

90,097 

432,488 

1,617,509 

207,867 

70,277 
1,026,229 

90,154 
1,236,738 

68,656 

55,140 
101,395 
241,619 
234,008 
101,624 

51,888 
129,103 
114,852 
240,275 
442,649 

30,655 


13,533,512 


*Includes  scattering  votes  in  a  few  cases. 


142    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 


PRESIDENTIAL    VOTE    182  8- 1904 


Year 


1828 
1828 
1832 
1832 
1832 
1832 
1836 
1836 
1836 
1836 
1836 
1840 
1840 
1840 
1844 
1844 
1844 
1848 
1848 
1848 
1852 
1852 
1852 
1856 
1856 
1856 
1860 
1860 
1860 
1860 
1864 
1864 
1868 
1868 
1872 
1872 
1872 
1872 
1876 
1876 
1876 
1876 
1876 
1880 
1880 
1880 
1880 
1880 
1884 
1884 
1884 
1884 
1888 
1888 
1888 


Candidate 


Jackson. . . . 

Adams 

Jackson. . . . 

Clay 

Floyd 

Wirt 

Van  Buren.  . 
Harrison.  .  .  . 

White 

Webster. .  .  . 
Mangum.  .  .  . 
Van  Buren.  . 
Harrison.  . . . 

Birney 

Polk 

Clay 

Birnev 

Taylor 

Cass 

Van  Buren.  . 

Pierce 

Scott 

Hale 

Buchanan.. . 
Fremont .... 
Fillmore .... 
Douglas.  .  .  . 
Breckinridge 

Lincoln 

Bell 

McClellan.... 

Lincoln 

Seymour.  .  .  . 

Grant 

Greeley 

O'Conor. .  .  . 

Grant 

Black 

Tilden 

Hayes 

Cooper 

Smith 

Walker 

Hancock.  .  .  . 
Garfield .... 

Weaver 

Dow 

Phelps 

Cleveland. .  . 

Blaine 

Butler 

St.  John 

Cleveland . . . 
Harrison. . . . 
Streeter .... 


Party 


Democrat. .  . 

Federal 

Democrat.  . . 

Whig 

Whig 

Anti-M 

Democrat. . . 

Whig 

Whig 

Whig 

Whig 

Democrat..  . 

Whig 

Liberty 

Democrat..  . 

Whig 

Liberty 

Whig 

Democrat. .  . 
Free  Soil .... 
Democrat. .  . 

Whig 

Free  Soil.... 
Democrat. .  . 
Republican.  , 
American.  .  . 
Democrat..  . 
Democrat..  . 
Republican.. 

Union 

Democrat. .  . 
Republican.. 
Democrat..  . 
Republican.. 
Democrat..  . 
Ind.  Dem. .  . 
Republican.. 
Temperance 
Democrat. .  . 
Republican.. 
Greenback . . 
Prohibition.. 
American .  .  . 
Democrat. . . 
Republican.. 
Greenback.  . 
Prohibition.. 
American . .  . 
Democrat .  .  . 
Republican.. 
Greenback .  . 
Prohibition.. 
Democrat. .  . 
Republican.. 
Union  Lab. . 


Popular  vote 


647,231 
509,097 
687,502 
530,189 

33,108 

761,549 

736,656 

1,128,702 
1,275,017 

7,059 

1,337,243 
1,299,068 
62,300 
1,360,101 
1,220,544 

291,263 
1,601,474 
1,380,678 

156,149 
1,838,169 
1,341,264 

874,534 
1,375,157 

845,763 
1,866,352 

589,581 

1,808,725 

2,216,067 

2,709,613 

3,015,071 

2,834,079 

29,408 

3,597,070 

5,608 

4,284,885 

4,033,950 

81,740 

9,522 

2,636 

4,442,035 

4,449,053 

307,306 

10,487 

707 

4,911,017 

4,848,334 

133,825 

151,809 
5,538,233 
5,440,216 

141,105 


Electoral 
vote 


PRESIDES  TIAL    VOTE  1828-1904 
PRESIDENTIAL   VOTE    1828-1904  —  Cont. 


14:* 


Year 


1888 
1888 
1892 
1892 
1892 
1892 
1892 
1896 
'1896 
1896 
1896 
1896 
JS96 
1900 
1900 
1900 
1900 
1900 
1900 
1900 
1900 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1904 


Candidate 


Fisk 

Cowdrey . 
Cleveland 
Harrison. 
Bid  well... 
Weaver. . 

Wing 

McKinley 
Bryan. . . . 
Levering . 
Bentley.. . 
Matchett. 
Palmer. . . 
McKinley. 
Bryan..  .  . 
Woolley . . 
Barker. .  . 

Debs 

Malloney . 
Leonard. . 

Ellis 

Roosevelt 
Parker.  .  . 
Swallow. . 

Debs 

Watson. . 
Corregan. 
Holcomb . 


Party 


Prohibition.. 
United  Lab. 
Democrat. . . 
Republican.. 
Prohibition.. 
People's.  .  .  . 
Socialist. . .  . 
Republican.. 
Democrat.  . . 
Prohibition.. 
National. .  .  . 
Soc.  Labor. . 
Nat.  Dem. . 
Republican.. 
Democrat.  . . 
Prohibition.. 
People's.  .  .  . 
Soc.  Dem.... 
Soc.  Lab. . .  . 
United  Chr. , 
Union  R. . . . 
Republican.. 
Democrat. .  . 
Prohibition.. 
Socialist. .  .  . 
People's 
Soc.  Lab. . . 
Continental. 


Popular  vote 


249,937 

2,808 

,556,918 

,176,108 

264,133 

,041,028 

21,164 

,104,779 

,502,925 

132,107 

13,969 

36,274 

133,148 

,217,810 

,357,826 

208,791 

.50,218 

.87,769 

39,944 

518 

5,098 

,620,670 

,080,207 

258,205 

401,380 

111,373 

41,330 

830 


Electoral 
Vote 


145 
22 


271 
176 


292 

155 


336 

140 


THE   ELECTORAL   COLLEGE,    1908 

Following  is  the  electoral  vote  of  the  states,  based  upon  the  apportionment 
of  representatives  made  by  Congress  under  the  census  of  1900: 


State 


Alabama 

Arkansas  .... 
California.  .  .  . 

Colorado 

Connecticut  . . 
Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho  

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky .... 
Louisiana.  .  .  . 

Maine 

Maryland 
Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota  .  .  . 
Mississippi.. . . 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 


Elector- 
al vote 


11 
9 
10 
5 
7 
3 
5 
13 
3 

27 

15 

13 

10 

13 

9 

6 

8 

16 

14 

11 

10 

18 

3 

8 


Elector- 
al  vote 


Elector- 
al vote 


State 


Nevada 

New  Hampshire. .  .  . 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon .  .  . 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Total 

Necessary  to  choice. 


Elector- 
al vote 


3 

4 

12 

39 

12 

4 

23 

7 

4 

34 

4 

9 

4 

12 

18 

3 

4 

12 

5 

7 

13 

3 


483 
242 


Elector- 
al vote 


Elector- 
al vote 


NATIONAL  CONVENTIONS  FOR    1908 

THE   FOURTEENTH    REPUBLICAN    NATIONAL    CONVENTION 

The  fourteenth  Republican  National  Convention  will  be  held 
in  Chicago  at  the  Coliseum  Building,  Wabash  Avenue,  near  Six- 
teenth Street,  Tuesday,  June  16,  1908. 

It  is  the  sixth  National  Convention  to  be  held  by  the  party  in 
Chicago,  the  first  being  that  held  here  in  1860,  when  Abraham  Lin- 
coln was  nominated. 

The  call  of  the  National  Committee  allows  a  total  vote  of  980. 

The  call  already  sent  out,  signed  by  the  Chairman  apportions  the 
delegate  representation  in  the  convention  as  follows: 

Four  delegates  at  large  for  each  State;  two  delegates  for  each 
representative  at  large  in  Congress ;  two  delegates  from  each  congres- 
sional district  and  from  each  of  the  Territories  of  Arizona,  New 
Mexico,  and  Hawaii;  two  delegates  from  the  District  of  Columbia, 
and  two  delegates  each  from  Alaska,  Porto  Rico,  and  the  Philippine 
Islands.  For  each  delegate  elected  an  alternate  is  chosen  to  serve 
in  the  case  of  the  absence  of  his  principal. 

Under  this  scheme  of  apportionment  the  numerical  make-up  of 
the  convention  will  be  as  follows: 

Alabama 22         Kentucky 26 

Arkansas 18         Louisiana 18 

California 20         Maine 12 

Colorado 10         Maryland 16 

Connecticut 14         Massachusetts 32 

Delaware 6         Michigan 28 

Florida 10         Minnesota 22 

Georgia 26         Mississippi 20 

Idaho 6         Missouri 36 

Illinois 54         Montana 6 

Indiana 30         Nebraska 16 

Iowa 26        Nevada 6 

Kansas 20         New  Hampshire 8 

144 


NATIONAL  CONVENTIONS   FOR   1908  L45 

New  Jersey -4  Vermont 8 

New  York 78  Virginia 24 

North  Carolina 24  Washington 10 

North  Dakota 8  West  Virginia 14 

Ohio 46  Wisconsin 26 

Oklahoma 14  Wyoming 6 

Oregon 8  Alaska 2 

Pennsylvania 68  Arizona 2 

Rhode  Island 8  District  of  Columbia 2 

South  Carolina 18  Hawaii 2 

South  Dakota 8  New  Mexico 2 

Tennessee 24  Porto  Rico 2 

Texas 36  Philippine  Islands 2 

Utah 6  

Total 980 

A  majority  vote  is  necessary  to  a  choice.  Under  the  rules  of  the 
Republican  conventions,  the  delegations  from  the  individual  congres- 
sional districts  within  the  State  may  be  voted  as  a  unit  if  they  so  elect. 

The  seating  capacity  of  the  Coliseum  will  be  11,186. 

For  delegates  and  alternates  upward  of  2,000  seats  will  be  re- 
served immediately  before  the  speakers'  platform  at  the  north  end 
of  the  hall. 

On  the  main  floor  3,615  seats  will  be  reserved  for  spectators. 

In  the  balcony  1,826  seats  will  be  thrown  open  for  the  general 
public. 

The  remainder  on  the  floor  will  be  held  for  specially  invited 
guests,  and  those  on  the  platform  for  the  officers  of  the  convention 
and  the  members  of  the  national  committee. 

THE   NINETEENTH  DEMOCRATIC   NATIONAL   CONVENTION 

The  nineteenth  Democratic  National  Convention  will  be  held 
in  Denver,  Colorado. 

It  will  be  called  to  order  at  noon  of  July  7th,  by  Chairman 
Thomas  Taggart,  of  the  Democratic  national  committee. 

The  Democratic  National  Convention  of  this  year  will  be  larger 
in  number  than  any  previous  convention  in  the  party's  history. 
Last  year  the  Territories  of  Indian  Territory  and  Oklahoma  together 


146    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 


had  twelve  delegates.  They  are  now  combined  in  the  new  State 
of  Oklahoma,  which  is  allowed  ten  congressional  district  delegates 
and  four  from  the  State  at  large. 

The  call  for  the  convention  apportions  the  delegates  on  a  basis 
of  four  at  large  from  each  State,  two  for  each  delegate  at  large  to 
tne  Congress,  two  from  each  congressional  district,  and  six  each 
for  the  Territories  of  Alaska,  Arizona,  Hawaii,  New  Mexico,  and 
Porto  Rico,  and  six  from  the  District  of  Columbia. 

On  this  basis  the  delegate  vote  by  States  and  Territories  will  be 
as  follows  at  the  Denver  convention: 


Alabama 22 

Arkansas 18 

California 20 

Colorado 10 

Connecticut 14 

Delaware 6 

Florida 10 

Georgia 26 

Idaho 6 

Illinois 54 

Indiana 30 

Iowa 26 

Kansas 20 

Kentucky 26 

Louisiana 18 

Maine 12 

Maryland 16 

Massachusetts 32 

Michigan 28 

Minnesota 22 

Mississippi 20 

Missouri 36 

Montana 6 

Nebraska 16 

Nevada 6 

New  Hampshire 8 

New  Jersey 24 


New  York 78 

North  Carolina 24 

North  Dakota 8 

Ohio 46 

Oklahoma 14 

Oregon 8 

Pennsylvania 68 

Rhode  Island 8 

South  Carolina 18 

South  Dakota 8 

Tennessee 24 

Texas 36 

Utah 6 

Vermont 8 

Virginia 24 

Washington 10 

West  Virginia 14 

Wisconsin 26 

Wyoming 6 

Alaska 6 

Arizona 6 

District  of  Columbia 6 

Hawaii 6 

New  Mexico 6 

Porto  Rico 6 


Total 1,002 


NATIONAL  CONVENTIONS  FOR   1908  147 

In  the  convention  a  two-thirds  vote,  or  668  votes,  is  required 
to  nominate.  The  working  of  the  so-called  "unit  rule"  also  dis- 
tinguishes the  conduct  of  the  Democratic  from  that  of  the  Repub- 
lican national  assembly.  Under  this  rule  the  delegate  vote  of  each 
State  having  previously  voted  in  state  convention  to  operate  under 
''unit  rule,"  is  the  voting  unit  in  the  convention,  and  the  total  vote 
of  the  state  delegation  is  cast  at  the  will  of  the  majority  of  the  del- 
egates. The  two-thirds  rule  has  been  in  vogue  since  the  conven- 
tion of  1832. 

THE   PROHIBITION   NATIONAL    CONVENTION 

The  National  Convention  of  the  Prohibition  party  will  be  held 
in  Memorial  Hall  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  on  July  15th. 

The  number  of  delegates  voting  in  the  convention  this  year  will 
be  1,512,  who  are  selected  on  the  following  basis  of  representation: 

1.  Each  State  and  Territory  is  entitled  to  four  delegates  at  large. 

2.  Each  State  is  entitled  to  an  additional  delegate  for  every  200 
votes  or  major  fraction  thereof  cast  for  Dr.  Silas  C.  Swallow  for 
President  in  1904. 

3.  The  District  of  Columbia  is  entitled  to  two  delegates. 

4.  Each  State,  Territory,  and  the  District  of  Columbia  is  entitled 
to  as  many  alternates  as  its  number  of  delegates. 

The  apportionment  of  delegates  as  made  by  the  Prohibition  na- 
tional committee  for  each  State,  based  upon  the  vote  for  Dr.  Silas 
C.  Swallow  for  President  in  1904,  is  as  follows: 

Alabama 7  Iowa 62 

Arkansas 9  Kansas 41 

California 41  Kentucky 37 

Colorado 21  Louisiana 4 

Connecticut 12  Maine 12 

Delaware 7  Maryland 19 

Florida 4  Massachusetts 25 

Georgia 7  Michigan 71 

Idaho 12  Minnesota 35 

Illinois 178  Mississippi. .  .  ., 4 

Indiana 121  Missouri 40 


148    VOTERS'   HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 


Montana 6 

Nebraska 36 

Nevada 4 

New  Hampshire 8 

New  Jersey 38 

New  York 108 

North  Carolina 6 

North  Dakota 10 

Ohio 101 

Oklahoma 4 

Oregon 23 

Pennsylvania 173 

Philippine  Islands 4 

Porto  Rico 4 

Rhode  Island 8 

South  Carolina 4 

South  Dakota 19 


Tennessee 13 

Texas 25 

Utah 4 

Vermont 8 

Virginia 11 

Washington 20 

West  Virginia 27 

Wisconsin 53 

Wyoming 5 

Alaska 4 

Arizona 4 

New  Mexico 4 

Hawaii 4 

District  of  Columbia 4 

Guam 4 

Total 1,515 


This  scheme  of  apportionment  makes  the  Prohibition  National 
Convention  the  largest  of  the  three  parties  in  number  of  delegates. 


PRIMARY   ELECTION    CALENDAR   FOR    1908 

(^Prepared  by  Hon.  W.  H.  Stead,  Atty.  Gen'l.,  and  inserted  here 
by  permission.) 

July  1. — First  day  for  filing  petitions.    (Law  becomes  operative.) 

July  6. — Last  day  for  meeting  of  senatorial  committee  to  fix 
and  determine  number  of  candidates  for  Representative  in  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly.     [Section  11.] 

July  6. — Last  day  for  filing  calls  for  conventions.     [Section  10.] 

July  9. — Last  day  for  filing  petitions.     [Sections  29  and  31.] 

July  11. — Last  day  for  filing  copy  of  resolution  of  senatorial 
committee.     [Section  11.] 

July  14. — Last  day  for  candidate  to  file  withdrawal  with  Secre- 
tary of  State.     [Section  31.] 

July  18. — Last  day  for  Secretary  of  State  to  certify  names  of 
candidates  for  nomination  to  county  clerk.     [Section  32.] 

July  18. — Last  day  for  preparation  of  notice  of  primary.  [Sec- 
tion 13.] 

July  24. — Last  day  for  clerk  to  post  notice  of  color  of  primary 
ballots.     [Section  35.] 

July  24. — Last  day  for  posting  notice  of  primary.     [Section  13.] 

July  27. — Last  day  for  candidate  to  file  withdrawal  with  county 
clerk.     [Section  31.]     . 

August  3. — Delivery  of  specimen  ballots  to  primary  judges. 
[Section  38.] 

August  7. — Delivery  of  official  ballots  to  primary  judges.  [Sec- 
tion 39.] 

August  8. — Primary  election.     [Section  6.] 

August  10. — Delivery  of  primary  election  returns  to  county 
clerk.     [Section  56.] 

August  19. — Meeting  of  county  conventions.     [Section  10.] 

August  26. — Meeting  of  senatorial  conventions.     [Section  10.] 

September  2. — Meeting  of  congressional  conventions.  [Section 
10.] 

September  7. — Last  day  for  meeting  of  state  central,  and  sena- 
torial committees  to  organize.     [Section  9.] 

September  9. — Meeting  of  state  conventions.     [Section  10.] 

149 


150    VOTERS     HANDBOOK   AND   CITIZENS'   MANUAL 

October  19. — Last  day  for  Secretary  of  State  to  certify  to  county 
clerks  the  names  of  candidates  nominated  at  the  primary.  [Sec- 
tion 60.] 

November  3. — General,  State,  and  county  election. 


GENERAL  INDEX 


Abstracts  of  votes,  28-30. 

Adjutant-General,  115. 

Adjutant-General,  Asst.,  115. 

Administrator,  Public,  120. 

Africans  can  be  naturalized,  108. 

Agents,  State,  under  cruelty  to  ani- 
mals, Law,  120. 

Aides-de-camp,  115. 

Alderman  of  city,  48. 

Alderman  in  Chicago,  60. 

Amendment  to  State  Constitution, 
Low  voted  upon,  21-28. 

American  citizen,  when  cannot  ex- 
patriate himself  in  time  of  war,  109. 

American  citizen,  when  rights  lost,  1 ,  2, 
109. 

American  wife  of  foreigner  not  a 
citizen,  102. 

Analyst  in  State  Food  Commissioners' 
office,  119. 

Appellate  Court,  Clerk.  82. 

Appellate  Court,  Districts  of ,  81. 

Appellate  Court  of  Illinois,  81. 

Applicant  for  naturalization  is  pro- 
tected in  foreign  country,  109. 

Appointments  under  Civil  Service 
Law  for  cities,  132. 

Appointments  under  County  Civil 
Service  Law,  128. 

Appointments  under  State  Civil  Ser- 
vice Law,  120. 

Appointive  officers,  list  of  in  cities 
and  villages,  129. 

Appointive  Officers,  list  of  in  City  of 
Chicago,  63,  131. 

Appointive  Officers,  list  of  in  Cook 
County,  128. 

Appointive  Officers,  list  of  in  counties, 
126, 127. 

Appointive  Officers,  list  of  in  Sani- 
tary District,  Chicago,  130. 


Appointive  Officers,  list  of  in  State, 
115, 116, 120. 

Appointive  Officers,  list  of  in  Town- 
ship, 127. 

Appraisers  under  leases  in  city,  131. 

Appraisers,  U.  S.,  136. 

Architect,  State,  120. 

Art  Commission,  Municipal,  131. 

Art  Commission,  State,  130. 

Assembly,  General  of  Illinois,  85. 

Assessor,  Town,  40. 

Assessor,  Town,  time  of  election,  5,  40. 

Assessors  of  Cook  County,  Board  of  ,72. 

Assessor,  County,  72. 

Assistant  Supervisor,  41. 

Assistant  Superintendents,  Free  Em- 
ployment Offices,  State,  120. 

Associate  Judge,  Municipal  Court  of 
Chicago,  6,  14,  61. 

Attorney,  City,  47. 

Attorney  for  Police  Department  in 
Chicago,  131. 

Attorney  for  Sanitary  District,  130. 

Attorney-General,  4,  8,  28,  93,  149. 

Attorney,  Prosecuting,  in  Chicago,  132. 

Attorney,  States,  68. 

Auditor  of  County  Board,  128. 

Auditor  of  Public  Accounts,  State,  91. 

Auditor  of  Public  Accounts,  time  of 
election  of,  8,  91. 

Australian  Ballot,  how  to  mark  it,  24- 
26. 

Australian  Ballot  System,  23-25. 

Bailiff  of  Municipal  Court  of  Chicago, 
62. 

Ballot,  all  voting  is  by,  1. 

Ballot,  Australian  System  adopted  in 
Illinois,  23. 

Ballot  Box,  27. 

Ballot,  form  and  color,  for  primaries, 
17. 


151 


152 


INDEX 


Ballot,  how  provided  for  primaries,  16. 

Ballot,  Official,  23,  24. 

Ballot  on  Public  Question  or  Amend- 
ment to  Constitution,  24. 

Bankruptcy  Referees  in  U.  S.  Court, 
134. 

Board  of  Assessors,  Cook  Co.,  72. 

Board  of  Assessors,  Cook  Co.,  time  of 
election  of,  7,  72. 

Board  of  Canvassers,  State,  28,  30, 123. 

Board  of  Education  in  Chicago,  131. 

Board  of  Education,  members  of  in 
cities,  46. 

Board  of  Education,  election  for,  6. 

Board  of  Education,  High  School,  6, 
44. 

Board  of  Education,  High  School, 
election  for,  6. 

Board  of  Examiners  for  Elevator 
Operators,  130. 

Board  of  Examiners  of  Stationary 
Engineers,  131. 

Board  of  Examiners,  Steam  Boiler 
Operators*  130. 

Board  of  Examining  Plumbers,  130, 
131. 

Board  of  Equalization  of  State,  8,  14, 
90. 

Board  of  Fire  and  Police  Commis- 
sioner, 129. 

Board  of  Inspectors,  House  of  Correc- 
tion, 131. 

Board  of  Law  Examiners,  State,  125. 

Board  of  Local  Improvements,  130, 
131. 

Board  of  Pardons,  129. 

Board  of  Prison  Industries,  124. 

Board  of  Review  of  Cook  Co.,  73. 

Board  of  Review  of  Cook  Co.,  time  of 
election  of,  7,  73. 

Board  of  Voting  Machine,  Commis- 
sioners of  State,  115. 

Branch  Appellate  Court,  1st  District, 
111.,  81. 

Bribery  in  elections,  2. 

Bridge  Tenders  in  Chicago,  131. 

Building  Commissioner,  131. 


Business  Agent,  131. 

Calendar  of  elections,  4. 

Candidates  for  House  Representatives 

111.,  number  fixed,  16. 
Canvassing  vote,  27,  28. 
Canvassing  vote  in  cities,  30. 
Certificate  of  nomination,  24,  25,  150. 
Certificate  of  result  of  vote  in  State, 

27,  28. 
Certificate  of  result  of  vote  in  city,  30. 
Challenger  at  primary  elections,  19. 
Chicago  adopts  General  Incorporation 

Act,  55. 
Chicago  charters,  54,  56. 
Chicago  Elective  Officers,  list  of,  60. 
Chicago,  government  of,  54. 
Chicago,  new  charter  for,  56. 
Chicago,  population  in  1900,  45. 
Chicago,  Sanitary  District,  64. 
Chicago,  Sanitary  District,  map  of,  59. 
Chicago,  towns  in,  58. 
Chicago,  towns  in,  map  of,  59. 
Chicago,  Ward  map  of,  57. 
Chief  Engineer,  Sanitary  District,  130. 
Chief  Grain  Inspector,  118. 
Chief  Inspector  of  Steam  Boilers,  132. 
Chief    Justice,     Municipal    Court    of 

Chicago,    6,    61. 
Chief  Justice  Supreme  Court,  83. 
Chief  Matron,  131. 
Children  born  abroad,  102.  103. 
Chinese  cannot  be  naturalized,  108. 
Circuit  Court,  79. 
Circuit  Court  Clerk,  69,  7. 
Circuit  Court,  Districts  in  Illinois,  78. 
Circuit  Court  Judge,  79. 
Circuit  Court  Judge  of  U.  S.,  134. 
Citizens  of  U.  S.,  foreign  born,   102, 

103. 
Citizens  of  U.  S.,  Indians,  103. 
Citizens  of  U.  S.,  when  rights  lost,  1, 

2,  109. 
Citizens  of  U.  S.,  who  are,  1,  102,  103. 
City  Alderman,  48. 
City  Attorney,  47. 
City  Canvassing  Board,  37 
City  of  Chicago,  Election  Officers  in,  60. 


INDEX 


153 


City  of  Chicago,  history  of  govern- 
ment of,  54. 

City  Clerk,  48. 

City  Collector,  129,  131. 

City  Committee  of  a  party,  15. 

City  Comptroller,  129. 

City  Comptroller  in  Chicago,  132. 

City  Courts,  49. 

City  Election  Law,  29. 

City  Election  Law  adopted,  23. 

City  Elections,  5. 

City  Electrician,  131. 

City  Engineer,  130. 

City  Marshal,  129. 

City  Officers,  list  of,  46. 

City  Officers,  primary  election  for 
candidates  for,  4. 

City  Physician,  132. 

Cities,  primary  election  for  candidates 
in,  14,  15,  18. 

City  Sealer,  132. 

City  Superintendent  of  Streets,  129. 

City  Treasurer,  47. 

Cities,  Villages  and  Towns  in  Illinois, 
45. 

Cities,  Villages,  Towns,  and  Town- 
ships, distinctions,  34,  45. 

City  Weighers,  131. 

Civil  Service  Commissioners,  Chicago, 
131. 

Civil  Service  Commissioners,  City,  129. 

Civil  Service  Commissioners,  County, 
128. 

Civil  Service  Commissioners,  State, 
120. 

Civil  Service  Law  for  cities,  132. 

Civil  Service  Law,  County,  128. 

Civil  Service  Law,  State,  120. 

Civil  Service  Examiners,  State,  120. 

Claims  Court,  Officers  of,  119. 

Classes  of  Counties,  37,  66. 

Clerk,  Appellate  Court,  Illinois,  82. 

Clerk.  Appellate  Court,  primary  elec- 
tion for  candidates  for,  14,  18. 

Clerk,  Appellate  Court,  time  of  elec- 
tion for,  8,  82. 

Clerk,  Circuit  Court,  69. 


Clerk,  Circuit  Court,  time  of  election 

of,  7,  69. 
Clerk,  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals,  U.  S., 

134. 
Clerk,  City,  47. 
Clerk  of  City  Court,  50. 
Clerk  of  County,  70. 
Clerk,  County  Court,  7,  70,  71. 
Clerk,  Criminal  Court  of  Cook  Co.,  80. 
Clerk,  Criminal  Court,  time  of  election 

of,  7,  80. 
Clerk  of  Election,  22. 
Clerk   of   House   of    Representatives, 

124. 
Clerk,  111.  Free  Employment  Offices, 

120. 
Clerk,  Municipal  Court    of    Chicago, 

62. 
Clerk  of  Primary  Election,  19. 
Clerk,  Probate  Court,  77. 
Clerk,  Probate  Court,  election  of,  7,  77. 
Clerk  of    Sanitary  District  Trustees, 

130. 
Clerk,  Superior  Court,  80. 
Clerk,  Superior  Court,  time  of    elec- 
tion of,  7,  80. 
Clerk,  Supreme  Court,  84. 
Clerk,  Supreme  Court,  time  of  election 

of,  8,  84. 
Clerk,  Town,  40. 

Clerk,  Town,  time  of  election  of,  5,  40. 
Clerk,  U.  S.  Circuit  Court,  134. 
Clerk,  U.  S.  District  Court,  134,  135, 

136. 
Clerk,  Village,  53. 

Clerk  Pro  tem.  of  Village  or  Town,  130 
Clerks  of  House  Committees,  125. 
Clerks  of  Senate  Committees,  124. 
Coal  Inspector,  132. 
Collector,  City,  129,  131. 
Collector,  County,  71,  72. 
Collector  of  Customs  for  U.  S.,  136. 
Collector  of  Internal  Revenue,  U.  S., 

136. 
Collector,  Town,  39. 
Collector,  Town,  time  of  election  of, 

5,39. 


154 


INDEX 


Commissioner  of  Buildings,  131. 

Commissioners  of  Deeds  for  Illinois, 
11*. 

Commissioner  of  Health,  132. 

Commissioner,  Highways,  127. 

Commissioner  of  Public  Works,  130, 
132. 

Commissioners,  State  Penitentiary, 
117,  118. 

Commissioner  of  U.  S.  Courts,  134. 

Commissioners,  Cook  County,  74. 

Commissioners,  Cook  County,  Presi- 
dent of,  74. 

Commissioners,  Cook  County,  time  of 
election,  7. 

Commissioners,  County,  7,  74. 

Commissioners  of  Department  of 
Justice,  123. 

Commissioners,   Election,    126. 

Commissioners,  Forest  Reserve  Dis- 
trict, 116. 

Commissioners  of  Illinois  and  Michi- 
gan Canal,  119. 

Commissioners,  Jury,  126. 

Commissioners,  Jury,  for  T7.  S. 
Courts,  134. 

Commissioners  of  Labor,  118. 

Commissioners  of  Lincoln  Park,  119. 

Commissioners  of  Live  Stock,  118. 

Commissioners  of  Rail  Roads  and 
Warehouses,  118. 

Commissioners,  South'n  Illinois  State 
Penitentiary,   Chester,   118. 

Commissioners  of  South  Parks  in 
Chicago,  125. 

Commissioners  of  State  Contracts, 
123. 

Commissioners  of  State  Library,  123. 

Commissioners,  Illinois  State  Peni- 
tentiary, Joliet,  117. 

Commissioners  of  Streets,  130. 

Commissioners,  U.  S.,  Courts,  134. 

Commissioners  of  West  Chicago 
Parks,  116. 

Commissary-General,  115. 

Committee,  Clerks  House,  125. 

Committee, 'Clerks  Senate,  124. 


Committees,    Party    under    Primary 

Law,  15,  16. 
Committees,    Senatorial    District,  15, 

16. 
Conduct  of  elections,  21,  23,  26,  28. 
Conduct  of  elections  in  cities,  29. 
Congress  of  U.  S.,  96. 
Congressional  Apportionment,  96,  97. 
Congressional     Apportionment,     map 

of  in  Cook  County,  99. 
Congressional  Apportionment,  map  of 

in  Illinois,  98. 
Congressional   District   Committee   of 

Party,  how  made  up,  15. 
Congressional  District  Convention,  16. 
Constable,  5,  38. 
Constables  at  elections,  22. 
Contest  of  primary  election,  19. 
Conventions,    Congressional    District, 

16,  149. 
Conventions,  County,  15,  16,  149. 
Conventions,   Senatorial  District,*16, 

149. 
Conventions,  State,  16,  149. 
Convict,  disqualified  as  voter,  2. 
Cook  County  Board  of  Assessors,  72. 
Coroner,  67. 

Coroner,  time  of  election,  7,  67. 
Corporation  Counsel    in  Chicago,  132. 
Counties  in  Illinois,  classification  of, 

37,  66. 
Counties   in  Illinois  which   have    and 

those  which  do  not  have  township 

organization,  31. 
Counties  in  Illinois,  list  of,  31,  32. 
Counties   in  Illinois,   origin  of  names 

of,  31. 
Counties     in     Illinois,  population     of 

each,  31. 
Counting  votes,  27,  30. 
County  Agent,  128. 
County  Architect,  128. 
County  Attorney,  128. 
County  Auditor,  128. 
County  Canvassing  Board,  27. 
County  Central  Committee  ofJParty, 

how  made  up,  15. 


LXDEX 


155 


County  Clerk,  70,  71. 
County    Clerk    issues    certificates    of 

election,  27. 
County  Clerk,  time  of  election,  7,  70. 
County  Commissioners,  7,  74. 
County      Commissioners      in      Cook 

County,  7,  74. 
County  Convention,  15,  16. 
County  Coroner,  7,  67. 
County  election,  7. 
County  Government,  34. 
County  Hospital  Warden,  128. 
County    Institutions,    Cook    County, 

Superintendents  of,   128. 
County  Judge,  75. 
County  Map  of  Illinois,  33. 
County  Officers,  list  of,  66. 
County  Seats  of  Counties,  31. 
County  Superintendent  of  Schools,  67. 
County    Superintendent    of    Schools, 

time  of  election,  7. 
County  Surveyor,  67. 
County  Surveyor,  time  of  election,  7, 

67. 
County  Treasurer,  71. 
County  Treasurer,  time  of  election,  7, 

71. 
Court,  Appellate  of  Illinois,   81. 
Court,  Circuit,  79. 
Court  of  Claims,  Bailiff  of,  119. 
Court  of  Claims,  Judges  of,  119. 
Court,  City,  49,  50. 
Court,  County,  70,  75. 
Court,  Criminal,  of  Cook  County,  SO. 
Court,  Municipal,  of  Chicago,  60,  61, 

62,  63. 
Court,  Probate,  76, 
Court,  Superior,  of  Cook  County,  79. 
Court,  Supreme,  82. 
Criminal  Court  of  Cook  County,  80. 
Criminal     Court     of     Cook     County, 

Clerk  of,  80. 
Deeds,  Recorder  of,  7,  70. 
Delegates,  to  National  Conventions,  16. 
Delegates,  Primaries  to  elect,  9,  11,  12. 
Delegates  to  State,  Congressional,  and 

State  Senatorial  Conventions,  16. 


Dental  Examiners,  Board  of,  116. 
Departments  of  State  Government  of 

Illinois,  85. 
Departments  of  Town  and  City  Gov- 
ernments, 36. 
Departments  of  U.  S.  Government,  96 . 
Deputy  Clerks  in  all  Courts  of  Record , 

State,  County  and  City,  126. 
Deputy  Commissioner  Public  Works, 

131. 
Deputy  Factory  Inspectors,  116. 
Deputy  Fish  Wardens,  115. 
Deputy   Game    Wardens    in   County, 

120. 
Deputy    Registrars    of    Title    under 

Torrens  System,.  126. 
Director  State  Pawners  Society,  115, 

129. 
Directors  of  Hospital  in  City,  129. 
Directors,  School,  43. 
Disqualification  of  Convict,  2. 
Disqualification  of  person  bribing  or 

accepting  bribe,  2. 
District  Attorney,  U.  S.,  134,  135,  136. 
District  Clerk  in  road  district,  127. 
District  Court,  U.  S.,  134,  135,  136. 
District  Court,  U.  S.  Clerk,  134,  135  , 

136. 
District  Court,  U.  S.  Judge,  134,  135 . 

136. 
Districts,  Appellate  Court,  81. 
Districts,  Circuit  Court,  78. 
Districts,  Congressional,  97,  98,  99. 
Districts,  Supreme  Court,  82. 
Education,  Board  of,  in  cities,  46. 
Education,  High  School  Board  of,  44. 
Election  Commissioners  in  cities,  19, 

21,  27,  29,  126. 
Election,  Conduct  of,  21,  23. 
Election  Judges  and  Clerks,  22,  29. 
Election  Laws  for  cities,  villages  and 

incorporated  towns,  20. 
Election  Laws  of  State,  20. 
Election  Precincts,  21,  29. 
Election  Precincts  in  Cook  Co.,  21. 
Election  of  President,  U.  S.,  8,   100, 

101. 


156 


IXDEX 


Election  of  Vice-President,  U.  S.,  8, 
100,  101. 

Elections,  Calendar  of  General,  5. 

Elections,  City,  Village  and  Town,  5. 

Elections,  County,  7. 

Elections,  Judicial,  5,  6. 

Elections,  National,  8,  96,  100,  101. 

Elections,  Primary,  4,  5,  149. 

Elections,  School,  5,  6. 

Elections,    State,    8. 

Elections,  what  may  be  decided  at,  21. 

Elective  City  Officers,  46. 

Elective  Officers  in  Illinois,  list  of,  37, 
90. 

Elective  Officers  of  U.  S.,  list  of,  96. 

Elective  Village  Officers,  52. 

Electors,  Presidential,  100. 

Electors,  Presidential,  time  of  elec- 
tion of,  8,  100. 

Electors'  Privileges,  1. 

Electrician,  City,  in  Chicago,  131. 

Engineer,  Chief  of  Sanitary  District, 
130. 

Engineer,  U.  S.,  136. 

Entomologist,  State,   115. 

Equalization,  State  Board  of,  8,  14,  90. 

Examiners,  Chief  and  Assistants, 
State  Civil  Service  Commissioners, 
120. 

Examiners,  Chief,  under  City  Civil 
Service  Law,  130. 

Examiners  for  Boiler  Operators,  130. 

Examiners  for  Elevator  Operators, 
130. 

Examiners  of  Title  under  Torrens 
System,  126. 

Examining  Board  for  Plumbers,  130. 

Executive  Department  of  City  Gov- 
ernment, 46. 

Executive  Department  of  State  Gov- 
ernment, 85,  90. 

Executive  Department  of  Town 
Government,  36. 

Executive  Department  of  U.  S.  Gov- 
ernment, 96. 

Expatriation  of  American  citizen,  109. 

Factory  Inspector,  State,  116. 


Factory  Inspector,  State,  Assistant, 
116. 

Farmers  Institute  Officials,  122. 

Federal  Officials,  appointed  for  Illi- 
nois, 134,  136. 

Fees  and  Salaries  of  County  Officers, 
66. 

Fence  Viewers,  127. 

Fifteenth  Amendment  to  U.  S.  Con- 
stitution, 1. 

Fish  Commissioners,  119. 

Fish  Inspector  in  Chicago,  132. 

Fish  Wardens,  115. 

Food  Commissioner,  State,  119. 

Food  Commissioner,  State  Assistants, 
119. 

Forest  Preserve  District,  116. 

Foreign  born  child  a  citizen,  when, 
102,  103. 

Foreign  born  wife  a  citizen ,  when,  102. 

Fourteenth  Amendment  to  D,  S. 
Constitution,  1. 

Free  Employment  Offices,  State,  120. 

Game  Commissioners,  State,   119. 

Game  Wardens,  119. 

General  Assembly  of  Illinois,  what  is, 
85. 

General,  Commanding  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Lakes,  136. 

General  Officers  in  Illinois  Militia,  115. 

Geological  Commission,  State,  115. 

Governor,  8,  28,  94,  95. 

Governor,  time  of  election  of,  8.  94. 

Grain  Inspector,  chief,  118. 

Harbor  Master  in  Chicago,  132. 

Highway,  Commissioner  of,  37. 

Highway  Commissioner,  time  of 
election,  5,  37. 

Highways,   Commissioners,    127. 

Highways,  Overseer  of,  127. 

Highway  Commission,  State,   120. 

Highway  Engineer,  State,   120. 

High  School  Board  of  Education,  44. 

History  of  Primary  Elections  in 
Illinois,  9. 

Hospital  Directors  in  City,  129. 

House  of  Correction  Inspectors,   132. 


IXDEX 


157 


House  of  Correction,  Superintendent 
of,  131. 

House  of  Representatives  of  U.  S. 
Congress,  96,  97. 

House  of  Representatives  of  111.,  88. 

House  of  Representatives,  Illinois, 
nomination  of  members  for  primary, 
16. 

House  of  Representatives  of  Illinois, 
time  of  election  for,  8,  88. 

Hours  of  voting  at  elections,  23,  30. 

Hydrographic  Officer,  U.  S.,  136. 

Illinois,  County  Map  of,  33. 

Illinois  Farmers  Institute,  Officers 
of,  122. 

Illinois  State  Horticultural  Society, 
Officers  of,  122. 

Independent  Candidates,  how  nomin- 
ated, 18,  25. 

Indians,  who  of  are  citizens,  103. 

Inspector,  Chief  Emigrant  of  U.  S.,136. 

Inspector  of  Coal  in  Chicago,  132. 

Inspector  of  Fish  in  Chicago,  132. 

Inspector-General,    115. 

Inspector,  Life  Saving  Service,  U.  S., 
137. 

Inspector  Light  House  Establish- 
ment, U.  S.,  137. 

Inspector  of  Public  Vehicles,  131. 

Inspector  of  Rifle  Practice,  115. 

Inspector  of  Steam  Boilers,  Chief  in 
Chicago,  132. 

Inspector  of  Steam  Vessels  and  Boil- 
ers in  U.  S.,  136. 

Inspector  of  Toll  Roads,  127. 

Inspector,  Oil  in  township,  126. 

Inspectors  of  Food,  State,  119. 

Inspectors  of  Gas  Meters  and  Gas  in 
Chicago,  132. 

Inspectors  of  House  of  Correction  in 
Chicago,  132. 

Inspectors  of  Mines,  State,  115. 

Inspectors  of  Oil  in  Chicago,  132. 

Inspectors  of  Weights  and  Measures 
in  Chicago,  132. 

Insurance  Superintendent,  State,  116. 

Intermediate  Registration  in  cities,  30. 


Jones-Oglesby,  Direct  Primary  Law  of, 
190S,  4,  14. 

Judge  Advocate  General,  115. 

Judge,  Circuit  Court,  79. 

Judge,  Circuit  Court,  time  of  election 
of,  6,  79. 

Judge,  City  Court,  50. 

Judge,  City  Court,  time  of  election  of, 
5,  50. 

Judge,  County  Court,  75. 

Judge,  County  Court,  time  of  election 
of,  7. 

Judge,      Criminal     Court     of      Cook 
County,  80. 

Judge  of  election,  22. 

Judge  of  Municipal  Court  of  Chicago, 
6,61. 

Judge    of    Municipal    Court,    time    of 
election,  6,  61. 

Judge,  Probate  Court,  76. 

Judge,  Probate  Court,  time  of  election 
of,  7,  76. 

Judge,  Superior  Court,  79. 

Judge,  Superior  Court,  time  of  elec- 
tion of,  6. 

Judge,  Supreme  Court,  84. 

Judge  Supreme  Court,  time  of  election 
of,  6,  84. 

Judges,  Court  of  Claims,  119. 

Judicial  Districts,  map  of,  78. 

Judicial  Department  of  U.  S.  Govern- 
ment, 96. 

Judicial  Election,  time  of,  5,  6. 

Judicial    Officers,   primary    for    after 
1908,  5. 

Justice  of  the  Peace,  5,  39. 

Justice  of  the  Peace,  time  of  election 
of,    5,    39. 

Jury  Commissioners,  126. 

Jury  Commissioners,  U.  S.  Courts,  134. 

Legislative  Department  of  State  Gov- 
ernment, 85,  86,  87,  88. 

Legislative     Department     of     U.     S. 
Government,  96. 

Legislative  District  map    of    Illinois, 
87. 

Librarian  of  Supreme  Court,  125. 


158 


INDEX 


Lieut.  Governor,  94. 

Lieut.  Governor,  time  of  election  of, 
8,  9*4. 

Light  House  Inspector,  U.  S.,  in 
Chicago,  137. 

Live  Stock  Commissioners,  118. 

Local  Improvement  Board  in  cities, 
130. 

Local  Self  Government,  31,  45. 

Local  Self  Government  in  Chicago,  54. 

Magistrate,  Police,  48,  53. 

Managers,  State  Reformatory,  Pon- 
tiac,  118. 

Map  of  Chicago,  towns  in,  59. 

Map  of  Chicago,  wards,  57. 

Map  of  Congressional  Districts  in 
Cook  County,  99. 

Map  of  Congressional  Districts  in 
Illinois,  98. 

Map  of  Judicial  Circuits  or  Districts, 
78. 

Map  of  Senatorial  Districts  in  Cook 
County,  87. 

Map  of  Senatorial  Districts  in  Illi- 
nois, 86. 

Marine  in  U.  S.  Navy_not  a  resident 
of  Illinois,  1. 

Market,  Dayton  St.,  Superintendent 
of,  132. 

Market  Master,  South  Park  Ave.,  132. 

Market,  W.  Randolph  St.,  Superin- 
tendent of,  132. 

Marshal  of  City,  129. 

Marshal,  U.  S.  Court,  134,  135,  136. 

Marshal  of  Village,  130. 

Master  in  Chancery,  125. 

Mayor,  49. 

Mayor  of  Chicago,  60. 

Mayor's  Private  Secretary,  131. 

Members  High  School  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, 44. 

Members  of  House  of  Representa- 
tives, Congress,  128. 

Members  of  House'ofiRepresentatives, 
Illinois,  8,  16,  85,  88. 

Members,  State  Board  of  Equaliza- 
tion, 8,  14,  90. 


Members  of  State  Senate,  Illinois,  85. 

Municipal  Art  Commission,   131. 

Municipal  Court  of  Chicago,  60,  61, 
62,  63. 

Municipal   Court  of  Chicago,   Judges 
of,  61. 

Municipalities,  description  of,  45. 

National  Convention  of  Party,  16. 

National  Convention  of  Party,  Dele- 
gates to,  16. 

National  Elections,  when  held  in  Illi- 
nois, 8. 

Naturalization  and  Citizenship,  infor- 
mation about,  102. 

Naturalization,  applicant  for  protected 
in  foreign  country,  109. 

Naturalization  by  a  Court,  how  may 
be  done,  111  to  114,  110,  104. 

Naturalization,  Courts  for,  104,  110. 

Naturalization  Laws  of  U.  S.,  104,  108. 

Naturalization,  Regulations  of  U.  S., 
110. 

Naturalized  Citizen,  when  rights  lost, 
1,  2,  109. 

Naval  Officer,  U.  S.,   137. 

Normal  Schools,   116. 

Normal  University,  Trustees,  116. 

Notaries,  Public,  116. 

Oath  of  Office,  3. 

Office,  Oath  of,  prescribed^by  Consti- 
tution, 3. 

Office,  Qualifications'for  in  general,  3. 

Office,    what    is,    2. 

Office,    Women    eligible     to     School 
Office,  3. 

Officers  appointed  by  Governor,  115. 

Officers  appointed  by  Governor  with 
consent  of  Senate,  116. 

Officers  appointed  by  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, 124. 

Officers  appointed  by  Judges,  125. 

Officers   appointed   by   State   Senate, 
124. 

Officers  appointed,  County,  126. 
City,  129. 
Village,  130. 
San.  Dis.,  130. 


INDEX 


159 


Officers  appointed,  Chicago,  131. 
Officers  in  Cities,  45,  46,  129. 
Officers  in  City  of  Chicago,  60,  131. 
Officers,  County,  66,  126. 
Officers,   Elective  in   Illinois,   list  of, 

37,  60,  85. 
Officers,  Elective,  of  U.  S.,  96. 
Officers  of  State,  85,  90. 
Officials    of    State    Agricultural     So- 
cieties, 121. 
Officers  in  Towns,  45,  127. 
Officers  in  Township,  37,  126-127. 
Officers  in  Villages,  5,  45,  52. 
Oil  Inspector  in  Chicago,  132. 
Oil  Inspector  in  Township,  126. 
Overseer  of  Highways,   127. 
Overseer  of  Poor,  127. 
Pages,  House  of  Representatives,  125. 
Pages,  Senate,  124. 
Park    Commissioners,    Lincoln    Park, 

Chicago,   119. 
Park    Commissioners,     South    Parks, 

126. 
Park   Commissioners,    West   Chicago, 

116. 
Party   Committeeman   elected    under 

Primary  Law  of  1908,  15. 
Party,  What  is  a  Political  Party  under 

Primary  Law,  14. 
Pawners   Society,    State   Director  of, 

115. 
Pension  Agent,  U.  S.,  137. 
Petitions  for  nominations,  17,  18. 
Petitions    for    nomination    by    inde- 
pendent candidate,   18,  25. 
Petitions    for    nomination    for    Con- 
gressmen, 18. 
Petitions    for    nomination    for    City, 

or  County  Office,  18. 
Petitions    for    nomination    for    State 

Office,  18. 
Petitions    for    nomination    for   U.    S. 

Senator,  18. 
Petitions  for   nomination,   when  and 

where  to  be  filed,  78. 
Petitions    for    nomination,  who    may 
sign  it,  18. 


Plumbers,  Examining  Board  of,  130, 
131. 
'  Police  and  Fire  Commissioners,  129. 
Police  Magistrate,  48,  53. 
Police  Matrons,   130,   131. 
Police  Pension   Fund  Commissioners, 

129,  130. 
Police,  Superintendent  of,  132. 
Policeman,  State  House  of  Represen- 
tatives, 125. 
Policeman,  State  Senate,   124. 
Political    Party,    What    is    a,    under 

Primary  Law  of  1908,  14. 
Polling  Places,  description  and  loca- 
tion of,  22. 
Polls,  hours  open  in  city,  23,  30. 
Polls,  hours  open  in  state,  23. 
Population  of  each  county  in  Illinois, 

31. 
Postmaster  of  House  of  Representa- 
tives, 125. 
Postmaster  of  Senate,  124. 
Poundmaster,  38,  132. 
President    of    Board,    County    Com- 
missioners, Cook  County,|74. 
President,  Town,  52. 
President  of  U.  S.,  100,  101. 
Presidents  of  U.  S.,  election  of,  8, 100, 

101. 
Presidents  of  U.  S.t  list  of,  138. 
Presidents  of  U.  S.,  successors  to  if 

no  election,  101. 
President,  Village,  52. 
Presidential   Electors,    time    of    elec- 
tion, 8,  100,  101. 
Precinct  Committeemen,  15, 
Primary  Election  Law  of  1889, 10,  19. 
Primary  Election  Law  of  1898,10,13. 
Primary  Election  Law  of  1899,  10,19. 
Primary  Election  Law  of  1901, 10,  13, 

19. 
Primary  Election  Law  of  1905,  11. 
Primary  Election  Law  of  1906, 11,  12. 
Primary  Election  Law  of  1908,  14. 
Primary  Election  for  1908,  when  held, 

4,  149. 
Primary  Election,  challengers  at,  19. 


160 


INDEX 


Primary   Election   Law,    compulsory, 

10,  11. 
Primary  Election,  contests,  19. 
Primary  Election,  Judges  and  Clerks, 

19. 
Primary    Elections    in    Illinois,     his- 
tory of,  9. 
Primary  Elections,   time  of  in   1908, 

4,  149. 
Primary   Elections,    when   held   after 

1908,  14,  15. 
Primary  Elections,  who  may  vote  at, 

18. 
Printer,  State  expert,   116. 
Private  Secretary  to  Judges,  Supreme 

Court,  125. 
Private  Secretary  to  Mayor,  131. 
Private  Secretary  to  Presiding  Officer 

of  House,  125. 
Private  Secretary  to  Presiding  Officer 

of  Senate,  124. 
Probate  Court,  Clerk,  7,  77. 
Probate  Court,  Judge,  7,  76. 
Prosecuting  Attorney  in  Chicago,  132. 
Professor  in  charge  of  U.  S.  Weather 

Bureau,  137. 
Public  Administrator,  120. 
Public     Measures     or     Questions     of 

Policy,  how  voted  upon,  21,  28. 
Public  Vehicle  Inspector,  131. 
Qualifications  for  office,  3. 
Qualifications  of  voters,  1,  2. 
Quartermaster-General,   115. 
Railroad    and    Warehouse    Commis- 
sioners, 118. 
Recorder  of  Deeds,  70. 
Recorder  of  Deeds,  time  of  election 

7,70. 
Referees  in  Bankruptcy,  U.  S.  courts, 

134,  135,  136. 
Registrars    of    Title    under    Torrens 

System,  126. 
Registration  of  voters  in  cities,  26,  29. 
Registration  of  voters  in  cities,  inter- 
mediate, 30. 
Registration    of    voters  under    State 
law,  22,  26. 


Reporter,     Short-hand,     for     Circuit 

Court,  125. 
Reporter,  SupremelCourt,  125. 
Representatives  in  Congress,  96,  97. 
Representatives  in  Congress,  time  of 

election  of,  8,  97. 
Representatives  in  General  Assembly 

of  Illinois,  8,  16,  85,  88. 
Review,  Board  of  in  Cook  County,  7, 

73. 
Revising  Registry,  22,  32. 
Sailor  in  Merchant    Marine,  or  U.  S. 

Navy,  naturalized,  109,  113. 
Sailor  in  U.    S.    Navy,    stationed    in 

Illinois,  not  a  resident,  1. 
Sanitary  District  of  Chicago,  64. 
Sanitary  District  of  Chicago,  map  of, 

59. 
Sanitary  District  Trustees,  64,  65. 
Sanitary    District    Trustees,    petition 

for  nomination,  18. 
Sanitary    District   Trustees,    primary 

election  for  candidates,  4,  14. 
Sanitary    District  .Trustees,    time    of 

election,  7. 
School  Directors,  6,  43. 
School  Elections,  5,  6. 
School  Trustees,  5,  42. 
Schools,  Superintendent  County,  67. 
Secret  Service,  Operative  of  U.  S.  in 

Chicago,  137. 
Secretary  of    Presiding  Officer,  State 

House  of  Representatives,  125. 
Secretary   of   Presiding  ^Officer,  State 

Senate,  124. 
Secretary  of  State,  18,  28,  30,  93. 
Secretary  of  State,  time  of  election  of, 

8,  93. 
Secretary  of  State  Senate,  124. 
Secretary  to  Commissioner  of  Public 

Works  in  Chicago,  132. 
Senator,  State,  85. 
Senator,  State,  time  of  election  for,  8, 

85. 
Senator,  U.  S.,  96,  97. 
Senatorial  District.  Com.  of^Party,  15. 
Senatorial  District  Convention,   16. 


INDEX 


161 


Senatorial  District,  map  of  Cook  Co., 
87. 

Senatorial  District,  map  of  Illinois,  86. 

Serjeant-at-Arms  of  Senate,  124. 

Sheriff,  68. 

Sheriff,  time  of  election,  7,  68. 

"Shoe-String"  Ballot,  16. 

Soldier  in  U.  S.  Army,  naturalized,  109. 

Soidier  in  U.  S.  Army,  stationed  in 
Illinois,  not  a  resident,  1. 

South  Park  Commissioners  in  Chicago, 
125. 

South  Park  Avenue  Market  Master  in 
Chicago,  132. 

Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives (Presiding  Officer),  124. 

Special  Agent  of  U  S.  Bureau  of 
Census,  136. 

Special  Agent  of  U.  S.  Bureau  of 
Labor,  136. 

State  Agents,  Cruelty  to  Animals  Law, 
120. 

State  Art  Commission,   130. 

State  Auditor,  8,  91. 

State  Board  of  Agriculture,  121. 

State  Board  of  Arbitration,  118. 

State  Board  of  Charities,  119. 

State  Board,  Dental  Examiners,  116. 

State  Board  of  Education,  119. 

State  Board  of  Equalization,  8,  90. 

State  Board  of  Equalization,  primary 
election  for  candidates,  14. 

State  Board  of  Equalization,  time  of 
election,  8. 

State  Board  of  Examiners  of  Archi- 
tects, 119. 

State  Board  of  Health,  118. 

State  Board  of  Pardons,  119. 

State  Board  of  Pharmacy,  118. 

State  Boards,  ex  officio,  123. 

State  Canvassing  Board,  28,  30,  123. 

State  Central  Committee  of  a  Party, 
15. 

State  Convention  of  a  Party,  16. 

State  Civil  Service  Commission,  120. 

State  Entomologist,  115. 

State  Factory  Inspector,  116. 


State  Food  Commissioner,  119. 

State  Game  Commissioner,  119. 

State  Game  Wardens,  119. 

State  Geological  Commission,  115. 

State  Government  of  Illinois,  85. 

State  Government  of  Illinois,  Execu- 
tive Department,    90. 

State  Highway  Commission,  120. 

State  Highway  Engineer,  120. 

State  Horticultural  Society,  Officers 
of,  122. 

State  Inspectors  of  Mines,  115. 

State  Insurance  Superintendent,  116. 

State  Mining  Board,   118. 

State  Officers  appointed,  115. 

State  Officers,  time  of  election  of,  8. 
90. 

State  Pawners  Society,  Director  of, 
115. 

State  Senator,  8,  85. 

State  Treasurer,  8,  91. 

State  Veterinary  Surgeon,  115. 

States  Attorney,  68. 

States  Attorney,  time  of  election,  7,  68. 

Street  Commissioners,  130. 

Suffrage,  convict  loses  right  of,  2. 

Supreme  Court  of  Illinois,  82. 

Supreme  Court  of  Illinois,  Clerk,  84. 

Supreme  Court  of  Illinois,  Districts  of, 
82. 

Supreme  Court  of  Illinois,  Judge,  83. 

Superintendent  of  County  Institu- 
tions, Cook  County,  128. 

Superintendent  of  Dayton  St.  Market 
in  Chicago,  132. 

Superintendent  of  Free  Employment 
Agencies,  120. 

Superintendent  of  House  of  Correction, 
131. 

Superintendent  of  Information  Bu- 
reau, 132. 

Superintendent  of  Insurance,  116. 

Superintendent  of  Police,  132. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, 
92. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, 
time  of  election  of,  8,  92. 


162 


INDEX 


Superintendent     of     Public     Service, 

County,  128. 
Superintendent  of  Real  Estate,  132. 
Superintendent  of  Schools,  County,  67. 
Superintendent  of  Sewers  in  City,  130. 
Superintendent     of     Special     Assess- 
ments, 130. 
Superintendent    of    Streets    in    City, 

129,  130. 
Superintendent    of   Track    Elevation, 

132. 
Superintendent    of    West    Randolph 

Street  Market,  132. 
Superior  Court,  Clerk,  7,  80. 
Superior  Court,  Judge,  6,  79. 
Supervisor,  41,  5. 
Supervisor,  Assistant,  41. 
Supervisor  in  Cook  County,  42. 
Supervisor  of  Roads,  127. 
Surgeon-General,  115. 
Surveyor,  County,  67. 
Surveyor,  County,  time  of  election,  7, 

67 
Terms  of  U.  S.  Courts  in  Illinois,  134, 

135,  136. 
Torrens  System  of  Registration  Title, 

Officials  under,  126. 
Town  Assessor,  5,  40. 
Town.Clerk,  5,  40,  130. 
Town  Collector,  5,  39. 
Town  Elections,  5. 
Town  Government,  34. 
Town,  Incorporated,  Officers  of,  52. 
Town    Officers,    primary    election   for 

candidates,  4. 
Town  Officers,  time  of  election,  5. 
Town  Treasurer,  130. 
Towns  in  Chicago,  58. 
Towns  in  Chicago,  map  of,  59. 
Township  Government,  34. 
Township  Officers,  list  of,  37. 
Township  Officers,  time  of  election,  5. 
Township     Organization,      counties 

having,  31,  35. 
Township  Organization,  counties  that 

do  not  have,  31,  35. 
Township  Trustees  of  Schools,  42. 


Treasurer,  City,  47. 

Treasurer,  County,  71. 

Treasurer,  Sanitary  District,  130. 

Treasurer,  State,  8,  91. 

Treasurer,  U.  S.,  Assistant  in  Chicago 
137. 

Treasurer  of  Village  or  Town,  130. 

Trustees,  Eastern  Illinois  State  Nor- 
mal School,  116. 

Trustees,  Illinois  School  for  Blind,  116. 

Trustees,  Illinois  School. for  Deaf,  116. 

Trustees,  Illinois  State  Historical 
Library,  116. 

Trustees,  Illinois  University,  8,  90. 

Trustees,  St.  Charles  School  for  Boys, 
118. 

Trustees,  Sanitary  District  of  Chicago 
64,  65. 

Trustees,  State  Home  for  Juvenile 
Female  Offenders,  118. 

Trustees,[State  Normal  University,  1 19. 

Trustees,  Township,  of  Schools,  42. 

Trustees,  Village,  52. 

Trustees,  Western  Illinois  State  Nor- 
mal School,  116. 

Trustees  of  Fort  Massac,  124. 

Trustees  of  Illinois  Asylum  for  Feeble- 
Minded  Children  at  Lincoln,  117. 

Trustees  of  the  Illinois  Asylum  for  the 
Incurable  Insane  at  Bartonville, 
Peoria   County,    117. 

Trustees  of  Illinois  Central  Hospital 
for  Insane  at  Jacksonville,  117 

Trustees  of  Illinois  Charitable  Eye 
and  Ear  Infirmary  at  Chicago,  117. 

Trustees  of  Illinois  Eastern  Hospital 

for  Insane  at  Kankakee,  117. 
Trustees  of  Illinois  Industrial  Home 

for  Blind  at  Chicago,  117. 
Trustees  of  Illinois  Northern  Hospital 

for  Insane  at  Elgin.  117. 
Trustees  of  the  Illinois  Soldier's  Or- 
phans' Home  at  Normal,  117 
Trustees  of  Illinois  Southern  Hospital 

for  Insane  at  Anna, 117. 
Trustees  of  Illinois  Western  Hospital 
for  Insane  at  Watertown,  117. 


INDEX 


163 


Trustees  of  Lincoln  Homestead,  123. 

Trustees  of  Lincoln  Monument,  124. 

Trustees  of  Natiiral  History  Museum, 
124. 

Trustees,  Northern  Illinois  State 
Normal  School,  116. 

Trustees  of  Soldiers'  and  Sailors' 
Home  at  Quincy,  117. 

Trustees  of  Soldiers'  Widows'  Home 
of  Illinois,  at  Wilmington,  117. 

Trustees,  Southern  Illinois  Normal 
University,  116. 

United  States  Appraiser,  136. 

United  States  Chief  Emigrant  In- 
spector, 136. 

United  States  Circuit  Court,  134. 

United  States  Circuit  Court  of  Ap- 
peals, 134. 

United  States  District  Courts,  134, 
135,  136. 

United  States  Engineer,  136. 

United  States  Hydrographic  Officer, 
136. 

United  States  Inspectors  of  Steam 
Vessels  and  Boilers,   136. 

United  States  Naval  Officer,  137. 

United  States  Officers,  appointed  for 
Illinois,  134,  136. 

United  States  Pension  Agent,  137. 

United  States  Senator,  96,  97. 

United  States  Senator,  petition  for 
nomination  of,  18. 

United  States  Senator,  vote  at  prim- 
ary election  for,  18. 

United  States  Special  Agent  of  Census 
Bureau,  136. 

United  States  Special  Agent  of  Labor 
Bureau,  136. 


United  States  Treasurer,  Assistant  in 

Chicago,  137. 
University   of    Illinois,    Trustees,    8, 

90. 
Vessel  Dispatcher,  132. 
Veterinary  Surgeon,  State,  115. 
Vice-President  of  United  States,  elec- 
tion of,  8,  100,  101. 
Viewers  to  locate  roads,  127. 
Village  Clerk,  53. 
Village  Elections,  5. 
Village  Marshal,  130. 
Village  Officers,  election  of,  5,  52. 
Village  Officers,  list  of,  52. 
Village  Officers,   primary  election     of 

candidates  for,  4. 
Village  President,  52. 
Village  Trustees,  52. 
Voters,  absence  of,  1. 
Voters,  privileges  of,  1. 
Voters,  qualifications  of,  1,  2. 
Voters,  registration  of,  22,  26,  29. 
Voters,  residence  of,  1. 
Voters,  women  have  right  to  vote  for 

school  officers,  1. 
Voting  on  election  day,  26. 
Voting  Machine  Commissioners,  State, 

115. 
Ward  map  of  Chicago,  57. 
Wardens,  Fish,  115. 
Wardens,  State  Game,  119. 
Weather  Bureau,  U.  S.,  Professor  in 

charge  in  Chicago,  137. 
West    Chicago    Park    Commissioners, 

116. 
Women  are  eligible  to  school  offices, 

3. 
Women,  when  may  vote,  1. 


A 


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